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Contextual Effects on Students’ Safety: Modeling Differential Effects of Neighborhood and School Social Organization

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Abstract:

Few studies of contextual effects attempt to model the effects of multiple contexts that may work in conjunction or in opposition vis-ŕ-vis the outcome examined. Methodological advances and newly available data facilitate a study of multiple contexts to differentiate proximal and distal influences on outcomes. Using multi-level modeling and merged data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods and the Chicago Public Schools, we estimate effects of school and neighborhood social process and structure on student feelings of safety. We hypothesize that positive feelings of safety are increased by higher levels of attachment and social organization in school as well as higher levels of neighborhood social organization. Preliminary findings suggest that significant variation exists across schools and neighborhood clusters, though nearly all of the variation is found within schools. Local neighborhood social organization appears insignificant as a predictor and mediator of feelings of safety, suggesting the importance of school attachment and structure to this aspect of students’ mental health.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

school (161), neighborhood (121), level (106), student (95), model (75), effect (70), safeti (63), analysi (46), 3 (44), social (42), predictor (36), 1 (34), research (34), 0.000 (34), outcom (31), efficaci (29), variat (29), 2 (29), collect (28), context (28), intercept (26),

Author's Keywords:

Contextual effects, neighborhood effects, school effects, adolescence, crime
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Association:
Name: American Sociological Association
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http://www.asanet.org


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MLA Citation:

Kirk, David. and Gannon-Rowley, Thomas. "Contextual Effects on Students’ Safety: Modeling Differential Effects of Neighborhood and School Social Organization" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA, Aug 16, 2003 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p107337_index.html>

APA Citation:

Kirk, D. S. and Gannon-Rowley, T. P. , 2003-08-16 "Contextual Effects on Students’ Safety: Modeling Differential Effects of Neighborhood and School Social Organization" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p107337_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Few studies of contextual effects attempt to model the effects of multiple contexts that may work in conjunction or in opposition vis-ŕ-vis the outcome examined. Methodological advances and newly available data facilitate a study of multiple contexts to differentiate proximal and distal influences on outcomes. Using multi-level modeling and merged data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods and the Chicago Public Schools, we estimate effects of school and neighborhood social process and structure on student feelings of safety. We hypothesize that positive feelings of safety are increased by higher levels of attachment and social organization in school as well as higher levels of neighborhood social organization. Preliminary findings suggest that significant variation exists across schools and neighborhood clusters, though nearly all of the variation is found within schools. Local neighborhood social organization appears insignificant as a predictor and mediator of feelings of safety, suggesting the importance of school attachment and structure to this aspect of students’ mental health.

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Document Type: .PDF
Page count: 20
Word count: 6352
Text sample:
David S. Kirk and Thomas Gannon-Rowley Contextual Effects on Students’ Safety: Modeling Differential Effects of Neighborhood and School Social Organization Across the social sciences researchers study adolescents to understand developmental processes and outcomes associated with negotiating the transition from dependence to autonomy. Increasingly studies of adolescents focus on their relationships with parents neighbors teachers and peers in the contexts of the home school the neighborhood and the community. Often researchers restrict their analysis to one specific context and use
Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy." Science 277:918-24. Teitler J. O. and C. C. Weiss. 2000. “Effects of neighborhood and school environments on transitions to first sexual intercourse.” Sociology of Education 73:112-32. Warr M. and M. Stafford. 1983. “Fear of Victimization: A Look at the Proximate Causes.” Social Forces 61:1033-43. Welsh W.N. Greene J.R. and P.H. Jenkins. 1999. "School Disorder: The Influences of Individual Institutional and Community Factors. Criminology 37(1):73-115. Wilson W.J. 1987. The truly disadvantaged : the


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