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End Notes
i
Limitations of space prevent the latter from being discussed further is this particular essay.
ii
Note: Students in special education are classified by their type and degree of need. “Size
seven” was a classification used by the NYC schools in the 1980’s to designate particularly
difficult to handle students.
iii
Note: Studies of SURR have revealed that schools linger on the SURR list for an average of
five years before making all the required changes or nine years before being closed schools
(Viteritti, J. P. (2001). The Tip of the Iceberg: SURR Schools and Academic Failure in New
York City. New York, NY, Center of Civic Innovation at the Manhattan Institute.)
iv
Note: Data on individual perceptions of F.U.E.L. is collected repeatedly over a designated
period. Variance in perceptions is expected to be high in the initial period and to decrease over
time. The period in which variance in perceptions has ceased to decrease or increase (e.g. change
in variance = 0) is considered to be an equilibrium position representing collective assessment.
Convention