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Group Work in the Classroom: A Cross-Cultural Study of Instructor Awareness and Compensation for Social Loafing in University Learning Groups in Japan and the United States |
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Abstract:
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The use of groups of people to accomplish goals (or tasks) is prevalent in society and they exist in business situations, social or religious gatherings, in sports and, of course, in classrooms. What makes groups work effectively? This study reviews factors that both promote as well as obstruct effective group performance, and it focuses on one of the many factors that hinder a group's ability to perform as best it can: social loafing. "Social loafing" is the phenomenon of individuals in group situations doing less work, putting in less effort or expending less energy on the group project than they would if they did the work alone. It is common in many different situations and research has shown that it transcends cultures. This study looked at the problem from the instructor's point of view and measured the level of instructor awareness of social loafing in university classroom groups in both Japan and the United States. It hypothesized that instructors are unaware of several ways of diminishing social loafing in student groups. It also asked what, if any, preventative steps instructors take to diminish social loafing in student groups? Results showed that the vast majority of instructors on both sides of the Pacific are aware of the concepts of social loafing and free-riding. Furthermore, results support the notion that instructors should be more aware of more techniques to curb loafing and that Japanese instructors tend to take a less active role in curbing social loafing than their American counterparts. Suggestions on how teachers can curb loafing and then suggestions for research are given. |
Most Common Document Word Stems:
group (255), social (232), loaf (225), student (119), individu (107), member (100), instructor (86), work (86), task (71), motiv (63), one (61), research (60), effect (60), person (56), perform (54), particip (53), cultur (52), learn (46), effort (45), make (42), project (41), |
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Association:
Name: International Communication Association URL: http://www.icahdq.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Davis, Daniel. and Chapman, Damon. "Group Work in the Classroom: A Cross-Cultural Study of Instructor Awareness and Compensation for Social Loafing in University Learning Groups in Japan and the United States" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Marriott Hotel, San Diego, CA, May 27, 2003 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p111465_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Davis, D. C. and Chapman, D. E. , 2003-05-27 "Group Work in the Classroom: A Cross-Cultural Study of Instructor Awareness and Compensation for Social Loafing in University Learning Groups in Japan and the United States" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Marriott Hotel, San Diego, CA Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p111465_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: The use of groups of people to accomplish goals (or tasks) is prevalent in society and they exist in business situations, social or religious gatherings, in sports and, of course, in classrooms. What makes groups work effectively? This study reviews factors that both promote as well as obstruct effective group performance, and it focuses on one of the many factors that hinder a group's ability to perform as best it can: social loafing. "Social loafing" is the phenomenon of individuals in group situations doing less work, putting in less effort or expending less energy on the group project than they would if they did the work alone. It is common in many different situations and research has shown that it transcends cultures. This study looked at the problem from the instructor's point of view and measured the level of instructor awareness of social loafing in university classroom groups in both Japan and the United States. It hypothesized that instructors are unaware of several ways of diminishing social loafing in student groups. It also asked what, if any, preventative steps instructors take to diminish social loafing in student groups? Results showed that the vast majority of instructors on both sides of the Pacific are aware of the concepts of social loafing and free-riding. Furthermore, results support the notion that instructors should be more aware of more techniques to curb loafing and that Japanese instructors tend to take a less active role in curbing social loafing than their American counterparts. Suggestions on how teachers can curb loafing and then suggestions for research are given. |
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| Document Type: |
.PDF |
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45 |
| Word count: |
14233 |
| Text sample: |
| Group Work in the Classroom: A Cross-Cultural Study of Instructor Awareness and Compensation for Social Loafing in University Learning Groups in Japan and the United States Abstract The use of groups of people to accomplish goals (or tasks) is prevalent in society and they exist in business situations social or religious gatherings in sports and of course in classrooms. What makes groups work effectively? This study reviews factors that both promote as well as obstruct effective group performance and |
| K. D. & Karau S. J. (1991). Social loafing and social compensation: The effects of expectations of co- worker performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 570-581. Williams K. Harkins S. & Latané B. (1981). Identifiability as a deterrent to social loafing: Two cheering experiments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40 303-311. Wlodkowski R. (1999). Enhancing Adult Motivation to Learn. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass. Wlodkowski R. Ginsberg M. (1995). Diversity and Motivation. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass. Zaccaro |
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