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"You Stupid, Lazy Kid": Perceptions of Verbal Aggressiveness in Older Adults
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as a negative personality disposition would also suggest that verbally aggressive
messages would activate more negative stereotypes (Coupland, Coupland, Giles, &
Henwood, 1988; Harwood, 2000; Wiener, 1995; Williams & Giles, 1996; Williams &
Nussbaum, 2001).
Hypothesis 3: Respondents will have more negative stereotypes
activated when the message is verbally aggressive.
Not only does the CAT research on nonapproximation strategies contend that
negative stereotypes will be activated, but so does the research on relational satisfaction.
Verbally aggressive messages, even in familial relationships, are deleterious to the
relationship. Therefore, verbally aggressive messages will have greater impact on the
activation of negative stereotypes than will relational level (Feldman & Ridley, 2000;
Sabourin, Infante & Rudd, 1993: Teven, Martin, and Neupauer, 2001).
Hypothesis 4a: Verbally aggressive messages will be more strongly associated
with the activation of negative stereotypes than will relational level (know well or don’t know).
The attributions of individuals receiving verbally aggressive messages from
outgroup members to personality dispositions would also suggest that verbally aggressive
messages would activate more negative stereotypes than age (Coupland, Coupland,
Giles, & Henwood, 1988; Harwood, 2000; Wiener, 1995; Williams & Giles, 1996;
Williams & Nussbaum, 2001). The SAM research concerning the importance of traits in
stereotype activation provides theoretical support for this hypothesis (Heckhausen, Dixon
& Baltes, 1989; Hummert 1990; Hummert, 1994; Hummert, 1999; Hummert, Garstka,
Shaner & Strahm, 1994; Hummert, Shaner & Garstka, 1995; Hummert, Shaner, Garstka
& Henry, 1998).
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| | Authors: Croghan, Jon. and Pecchioni, Loretta. |
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as a negative personality disposition would also suggest that verbally aggressive
messages would activate more negative stereotypes (Coupland, Coupland, Giles, &
Henwood, 1988; Harwood, 2000; Wiener, 1995; Williams & Giles, 1996; Williams &
Nussbaum, 2001).
Hypothesis 3: Respondents will have more negative stereotypes
activated when the message is verbally aggressive.
Not only does the CAT research on nonapproximation strategies contend that
negative stereotypes will be activated, but so does the research on relational satisfaction.
Verbally aggressive messages, even in familial relationships, are deleterious to the
relationship. Therefore, verbally aggressive messages will have greater impact on the
activation of negative stereotypes than will relational level (Feldman & Ridley, 2000;
Sabourin, Infante & Rudd, 1993: Teven, Martin, and Neupauer, 2001).
Hypothesis 4a: Verbally aggressive messages will be more strongly associated
with the activation of negative stereotypes than will relational
level (know well or don’t know).
The attributions of individuals receiving verbally aggressive messages from
outgroup members to personality dispositions would also suggest that verbally aggressive
messages would activate more negative stereotypes than age (Coupland, Coupland,
Giles, & Henwood, 1988; Harwood, 2000; Wiener, 1995; Williams & Giles, 1996;
Williams & Nussbaum, 2001). The SAM research concerning the importance of traits in
stereotype activation provides theoretical support for this hypothesis (Heckhausen, Dixon
& Baltes, 1989; Hummert 1990; Hummert, 1994; Hummert, 1999; Hummert, Garstka,
Shaner & Strahm, 1994; Hummert, Shaner & Garstka, 1995; Hummert, Shaner, Garstka
& Henry, 1998).
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