Gateway Health Behaviors
20
concerned about their privacy, with 46% reporting that health facility staff didn’t respect their
need for privacy.
Behavioral Outcomes
The bivariate analyses looked at the percentage of women who reported specific behaviors
for each SO (Table 4). Looking at the total numbers for women regardless of age, antenatal care
(99%), prelactal feeding within 3 days (82%) and receiving a tetanus toxoid injection (77%) had
the highest practice rates. Delivery in a health care facility (35%), measles vaccine (38%) and
Vitamin A (37%) had the lowest practice rates. With the exception of antenatal care, the
percentage of women who reported engaging in specific behaviors varied significantly by age.
Overall, women in the 20-24 and 25-29 age groups show the highest practice rates for
recommended behaviors, with rates diminishing with age.
Table 4. Percentage of Women with Children 0-12 Months Who Practiced Specific SO Behaviors
SOs
Woman’s age
SO1: Family Planning
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
Total
1a. Modern method of family planning
8.6%
24.5%
43.3%
54.7%
54.2%
44.7%
42.1%
SO2: Maternal Mortality
2a.
Receive
antenatal
care
when
pregnant
99.8 99.9 99.7 99.8 99.8 100.0 99.8
2b. Receive TT injection when pregnant
75.4
80.3
78.9
72.4
64.6
55.0
77.0
2c.
Delivery
in
healthcare
facility
29.5 36.8 37.4 33.7 29.0 17.6 35.0
2d.
Iron
tablets
used
56.7 64.0 62.5 56.1 48.3 39.8 60.4
SO3: Infant/Child Health & Nutrition
3a. Prelacteal feeding in 1
st
3
days
84.7 81.8 80.8 81.2 82.0 78.5 81.7
3b.
Measles
vaccine
(9-12
months)
23.7 37.5 42.8 39.0 33.2 29.0 37.6
3c.
Vitamin
A
(6-12
months)
14.8 23.3 26.7 25.4 21.7 15.2 23.5
3d. Offered more liquid when child had diarrhea
27.3
36.4
39.0
39.9
36.5
33.7
36.9
1a. Pearson Chi-Square = 4,461, p <.01; 2a. Pearson Chi-Square =4.0, p = 0.56;
2b. Pearson Chi-Square = 373, p <.01;
2c. Pearson Chi-Square = 155, p <.01;
2d. Pearson Chi-Square = 280, p <.01;
3a. Pearson Chi-Square = 25, p <.01;
3b. Pearson Chi-Square = 358, p <.01;
3c. Pearson Chi-Square = 191, p <.01;
3d. Pearson Chi-Square = 159, p <.01
Model 1: Analysis
To examine the Model 1 relationship directly linking two SOs, we ran continuous regression
analyses controlling for relevant demographic variables (Table 5). The results show that the
strongest relationship exists for maternal mortality to family planning with an R
2
of 71%.
Unfortunately, the relationships between infant/child health and nutrition (ICHN) to family
planning and maternal mortality to ICHN were negligible, with each model’s R
2
less than 3%.
Table 5. Regression Analysis for Model 1: Strength of Relationship Between three SOs
(A)
R
2
F Value df
Sig.
SO2 (MM):SO1 (FP)
.712 26749.781 10 .000
SO3 (ICHN):SO1 (FP)
.029 8782.234 9 .000
SO2 (MM): SO3 (ICHN)
.025 2808.712 9 .000
(A): Independent variables included education, age, health facility experience, number of household members, and
last visit to a health facility.
We hypothesize that the maternal mortality to family planning relationship was strong, due to
the nature of the behaviors within each SO. We suggest that women who seek services during
their pregnancy and child birth, may be more likely to seek family planning services for several
Convention