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Towers of Rage, Echoes of Hate: Patterns of Post 9/11 Anti-Islamic Hate Crime

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Abstract:

Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 triggered an intense initial backlash of anti-Islamic hate crime followed by a longer period of residual anti-Islamic hate crime. Reported anti-Islamic hate crime occurred at an average of 0.1 per day during 2001 prior to 9/11 (n=26). During the rest of September, reported anti-Islamic hate crime averaged 15.4 per day (n=308). During the last three months of 2001, reported anti-Islamic hate crime averaged 1.6 per day (n=147). During 2002-2003, reported anti-Islamic hate crime averaged 0.4 per day (n=305). These residual echoes of hate directed at Arab-Americans, Muslims, and those perceived to be Arab-Americans or Muslims, were about 4 times higher than pre 9/11 levels. These patterns have not been systematically studied.

The paper (1) identifies spikes and echoes of anti-Islamic hate crime for other years and trigger events; (2) analyzes the characteristics of anti-Islamic hate crime in comparison with characteristics of anti-Jewish hate crime and anti-Black hate crime; and (3) assesses how these analyses are relevant to three areas of policy and practice: (a) law enforcement preparedness to deal with the backlash effects of future terrorist events; (b) improvements in community efforts to successfully foster inter-group communication and planning for dealing with critical events; and (c) improvements in law enforcement intelligence about potential changes in anti-Islamic hate crime. For example, analysis of available data shows that about 2/3rds of post 9/11 anti-Islamic hate crime were violent offenses compared to only about 1/3rd of post 9/11 anti-Jewish hate crime.
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Association:
Name: American Society of Criminology (ASC)
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http://www.asc41.com


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URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p125006_index.html
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MLA Citation:

Dunn, Chris. "Towers of Rage, Echoes of Hate: Patterns of Post 9/11 Anti-Islamic Hate Crime" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology (ASC), Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, CA, Nov 01, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p125006_index.html>

APA Citation:

Dunn, C. , 2006-11-01 "Towers of Rage, Echoes of Hate: Patterns of Post 9/11 Anti-Islamic Hate Crime" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology (ASC), Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, CA <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p125006_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 triggered an intense initial backlash of anti-Islamic hate crime followed by a longer period of residual anti-Islamic hate crime. Reported anti-Islamic hate crime occurred at an average of 0.1 per day during 2001 prior to 9/11 (n=26). During the rest of September, reported anti-Islamic hate crime averaged 15.4 per day (n=308). During the last three months of 2001, reported anti-Islamic hate crime averaged 1.6 per day (n=147). During 2002-2003, reported anti-Islamic hate crime averaged 0.4 per day (n=305). These residual echoes of hate directed at Arab-Americans, Muslims, and those perceived to be Arab-Americans or Muslims, were about 4 times higher than pre 9/11 levels. These patterns have not been systematically studied.

The paper (1) identifies spikes and echoes of anti-Islamic hate crime for other years and trigger events; (2) analyzes the characteristics of anti-Islamic hate crime in comparison with characteristics of anti-Jewish hate crime and anti-Black hate crime; and (3) assesses how these analyses are relevant to three areas of policy and practice: (a) law enforcement preparedness to deal with the backlash effects of future terrorist events; (b) improvements in community efforts to successfully foster inter-group communication and planning for dealing with critical events; and (c) improvements in law enforcement intelligence about potential changes in anti-Islamic hate crime. For example, analysis of available data shows that about 2/3rds of post 9/11 anti-Islamic hate crime were violent offenses compared to only about 1/3rd of post 9/11 anti-Jewish hate crime.

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