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Ethnic Diversity, Trust and Ethnocentrism and Europe. A Multilevel Analysis of 21 European Countries.

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Abstract:

Most of the research that finds a negative relation between racial or ethnic diversity and social cohesion is either based on observations of one country or uses just one attitudinal aspect of social cohesion. In this article, we expand earlier research on this relationship by combining attitudinal measurements from the European Social Survey (2002) with OECD data on migration patterns to include 20 European countries. Thus more detailed measurements of both social cohesion (including generalized trust and ethnocentrism) and diversity (including type and rise of diversity over time as well as the legal status of immigrants) are utilized in multilevel models. At the individual level, most of the familiar relations between individual characteristics and trust and ethnocentrism were confirmed. At the country level, on the other hand, and contrary to findings with US census tracts or neighborhoods, hardly any indicators for migration or diversity proved to be significantly related to social cohesion. Our paper contributes to theoretical insights on the development of generalized trust and other civic attitudes and suggests that the pessimistic conclusion about ethnic diversity’s negative effects on social capital might have been drawn too early.

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countri (121), foreign (111), level (103), trust (103), 2002 (94), divers (92), inflow (90), increas (72), variabl (68), social (62), popul (59), ethnocentr (57), general (56), asylum (53), effect (46), thousand (43), averag (43), percentag (39), immigr (38), signific (38), analysi (38),

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ethnic diversity, social cohesion, European Social Survey, generalized trust, ethnocentrism, migration, OECD
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Hooghe, Marc., Reeskens, Tim., Stolle, Dietlind. and Trappers, Ann. "Ethnic Diversity, Trust and Ethnocentrism and Europe. A Multilevel Analysis of 21 European Countries." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 31, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p151108_index.html>

APA Citation:

Hooghe, M. , Reeskens, T. , Stolle, D. and Trappers, A. , 2006-08-31 "Ethnic Diversity, Trust and Ethnocentrism and Europe. A Multilevel Analysis of 21 European Countries." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p151108_index.html

Publication Type: Proceeding
Abstract: Most of the research that finds a negative relation between racial or ethnic diversity and social cohesion is either based on observations of one country or uses just one attitudinal aspect of social cohesion. In this article, we expand earlier research on this relationship by combining attitudinal measurements from the European Social Survey (2002) with OECD data on migration patterns to include 20 European countries. Thus more detailed measurements of both social cohesion (including generalized trust and ethnocentrism) and diversity (including type and rise of diversity over time as well as the legal status of immigrants) are utilized in multilevel models. At the individual level, most of the familiar relations between individual characteristics and trust and ethnocentrism were confirmed. At the country level, on the other hand, and contrary to findings with US census tracts or neighborhoods, hardly any indicators for migration or diversity proved to be significantly related to social cohesion. Our paper contributes to theoretical insights on the development of generalized trust and other civic attitudes and suggests that the pessimistic conclusion about ethnic diversity’s negative effects on social capital might have been drawn too early.

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Document Type: application/pdf
Page count: 30
Word count: 10393
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Marc Hooghe* Tim Reeskens* Dietlind Stolle° Ann Trappers* *. Catholic University Leuven (Belgium) °: McGill University Montreal (Canada). The order of the authors is purely alphabetical as all authors contributed equally to this paper. Corresponding authors: Marc.Hooghe@soc.kuleuven.be and Dietlind.Stolle@mcgill.ca . Ethnic Diversity Trust and Ethnocentrism and Europe A Multilevel Analysis of 21 European Countries Paper presented at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Philadelphia August 31-September 3 2006 © American Political Science Association 2006 Abstract
Based on the figures of granted asylums between 1996 and 2002 expressed as the ratio with the total population the regression slope was calculated for this variable (source: UNHCR + own calculations). - Naturalizations in 2002: The figures of naturalizations in 2002 (source: OECD). - Naturalization ratio: The ratio of the naturalizations in 2002 and the inflow of foreign population in 1995. A time-series analysis revealed that a time lag of seven years works very well to explain the


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