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Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p152146_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Carpenter, R.. "Measuring Constitutive Effects: Children, Women and The Social Construction of the "Innocent Civilian"" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 31, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p152146_index.html>

Carpenter, R. C. , 2006-08-31 "Measuring Constitutive Effects: Children, Women and The Social Construction of the "Innocent Civilian"" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p152146_index.html

Publication Type: Proceeding Abstract: It has become commonplace in IR theory to invoke constitutive, as well as causal effects, of ideas on international norms and identities. Yet constitutive claims are often simply asserted rather than demonstrated in the social contructivist literature. Following Wendt, this paper argues for a more rigorous application of constitutive analysis in IR, in which constitutive claims are tested and, when necessary, falsified. I then demonstrate the utility of this approach by evaluating a recent argument that the civilian immunity norm is constituted by �a discourse of gender.� I apply the approach outlined in the first section of this paper to the case of civilian immunity, and demonstrate that while the immunity norm is gendered, gender does not constitute but rather distorts actors� understanding of the category �civilian.�

Women's Tears and International Fears: Is Discrepant Enforcement of National Laws Protecting Women and Girls Related to Discrepant Enactment of International Norms by Nation-States?

'Innocent Women and Children': Gender and Civilian Protection in International Society