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Partisan Creation of "Over-Proportional" MPR on State Legislative Committees, Evidence from the 21st Century: Committee Stacking by Policy Areas

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Abstract:

Recent work by Cox and McCubbins (1993 and 2005) has provided a rich theoretical and empirical base for examining and understanding the strategies parties use in seeking to maximize their control over the congressional process. One essential element in their approach is the degree to which the majority politi-cal party has the ability to dominate congressional standing and procedural committees thus controlling the legislative agenda. Agenda control provides a strategy for majority parties to dominate the legislative process rather than use disciplined party voting on a host of bills as a means of hegemony. Success with this strategy involves the creation of a cartel among majority party leaders that command key aspects of the committee process, chamber leadership, through committee chair positions and via “over-proportional” party membership on committees.

Prior research regarding majority party representation (MPR) on committees at the state level determined that in the overwhelming proportion of state legislatures during the 20th Century, the majority party in the chamber did in fact control (by having a majority of members) the vast majority of committees, but usu-ally by very similar margins as found in the chamber; however, exceptions regarding both over-representation (larger majority party percentages on a committee than in the chamber) and under-representation (lower majority party percentages on a committee than in the chamber) were noted and explored.

Recent growth in the level of party competition at the state level plus the increasing presence of the Re-publican party there suggests that it is time to re-examine the nature of MPR on state legislative commit-tees. Using data from state legislative committees for all 49 partisan legislatures in 2003-4 and 2005-6 sessions, this current research finds that:

• similar trends continue regarding the existence of over-proportional MPR among committees in the 21st century as found previously;
• wide variation in the appearance of over-proportional MPR committees is evident across the states and chambers;
• the size of the majority party’s margin as well as the existence of divided government and larger proportions of Democrats are all associated with the existence and direction of over-proportional MPR;
• significant impact on the existence and direction of over-proportional MPR is found for legisla-tive institutional factors like chamber/size the appointment power of the presiding officer, the leg-islative session and legislative professionalization level;
• the substantive area responsibility assigned to a committee is also found to have an impact on the level of over-proportional MPR with money and business-commercial committees being the most different; and
• a different array of explanatory factors explains positive over-proportional MPR (over-representation of the majority party on a committee) from negative over-proportional MPR (un-der-representation of the majority party on a committee).

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committe (255), parti (239), proport (212), legisl (176), major (175), chamber (169), state (133), over-proport (126), mpr (124), differ (73), control (65), represent (62), partisan (58), level (56), member (55), one (52), posit (52), use (47), research (46), polit (42), stand (42),

Author's Keywords:

state legislatures, committees, party balance on committees, committee stacking
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Name: WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
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http://www.csus.edu/ORG/WPSA/


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MLA Citation:

Hedlund, Ronald D.., Coombs, Kevin., Martorano, Nancy. and Hamm, Keith E.. "Partisan Creation of "Over-Proportional" MPR on State Legislative Committees, Evidence from the 21st Century: Committee Stacking by Policy Areas" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, La Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, Mar 08, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p176335_index.html>

APA Citation:

Hedlund, R. , Coombs, K. , Martorano, N. and Hamm, K. , 2007-03-08 "Partisan Creation of "Over-Proportional" MPR on State Legislative Committees, Evidence from the 21st Century: Committee Stacking by Policy Areas" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, La Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada Online <PDF>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p176335_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Recent work by Cox and McCubbins (1993 and 2005) has provided a rich theoretical and empirical base for examining and understanding the strategies parties use in seeking to maximize their control over the congressional process. One essential element in their approach is the degree to which the majority politi-cal party has the ability to dominate congressional standing and procedural committees thus controlling the legislative agenda. Agenda control provides a strategy for majority parties to dominate the legislative process rather than use disciplined party voting on a host of bills as a means of hegemony. Success with this strategy involves the creation of a cartel among majority party leaders that command key aspects of the committee process, chamber leadership, through committee chair positions and via “over-proportional” party membership on committees.

Prior research regarding majority party representation (MPR) on committees at the state level determined that in the overwhelming proportion of state legislatures during the 20th Century, the majority party in the chamber did in fact control (by having a majority of members) the vast majority of committees, but usu-ally by very similar margins as found in the chamber; however, exceptions regarding both over-representation (larger majority party percentages on a committee than in the chamber) and under-representation (lower majority party percentages on a committee than in the chamber) were noted and explored.

Recent growth in the level of party competition at the state level plus the increasing presence of the Re-publican party there suggests that it is time to re-examine the nature of MPR on state legislative commit-tees. Using data from state legislative committees for all 49 partisan legislatures in 2003-4 and 2005-6 sessions, this current research finds that:

• similar trends continue regarding the existence of over-proportional MPR among committees in the 21st century as found previously;
• wide variation in the appearance of over-proportional MPR committees is evident across the states and chambers;
• the size of the majority party’s margin as well as the existence of divided government and larger proportions of Democrats are all associated with the existence and direction of over-proportional MPR;
• significant impact on the existence and direction of over-proportional MPR is found for legisla-tive institutional factors like chamber/size the appointment power of the presiding officer, the leg-islative session and legislative professionalization level;
• the substantive area responsibility assigned to a committee is also found to have an impact on the level of over-proportional MPR with money and business-commercial committees being the most different; and
• a different array of explanatory factors explains positive over-proportional MPR (over-representation of the majority party on a committee) from negative over-proportional MPR (un-der-representation of the majority party on a committee).

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Partisan Creation of “Over-Proportional” MPR On State Legislative Committees Evidence from the 21st Century: Committee Stacking by Policy Area Ronald D. Hedlund Northeastern University Kevin Coombs Northeastern University Nancy Martorano University of Dayton Keith E. Hamm Rice University Paper presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association March 8-11 2007 Las Vegas Nevada Partisan Creation of “Over-Proportional” MPR On State Legislative Committees Evidence from the 21st Century: 2 Committee Stacking by Policy Area Abstract Recent
as well as their memberships. Our first list of committee memberships was purchased from a private source that listed state legislative committee information for public contact purposes. We found however that we also had to use official listings available either on-line from a state legislative website or from an official publica- tion for a state (e.g. legislative journals committee directories of state reference books). For the 2003-4 session the data available included memberships from the summer of 2004 (toward


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