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Association: Name: International Studies Association 48th Annual Convention URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p178678_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Porter, Jack. "Broadening the Definition of National Security: The ?Securitization? of Transnational Organized Crime in the United States and South Africa" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association 48th Annual Convention, Hilton Chicago, CHICAGO, IL, USA, Feb 28, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p178678_index.html>

Porter, J. J. , 2007-02-28 "Broadening the Definition of National Security: The ?Securitization? of Transnational Organized Crime in the United States and South Africa" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association 48th Annual Convention, Hilton Chicago, CHICAGO, IL, USA <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p178678_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: The May 2006 decision by President George Bush to deploy as many as 6000 members of the US National Guard to help other agencies ?defend? the US-Mexican border is the most recent example of the growing trend to ?securitize? or ?militarize? the issue of illegal immigration. Just one of the many relates concerns, illegal immigration and other potential threats associated with porous borders have raised the profile of hitherto legal, social, and/or economic issues to ones of national security. With this in mind, the focus of this paper is on the increasing propensity of policymakers and scholars to embrace a more expansive notion of what constitutes legitimate national and international security subjects. More specifically, the paper will investigate the efforts to "securitize" the issue of transnational organized crime. This tendency challenges the field of international relations in at least two ways. First, because this is contrary to more traditional conceptions of what is and is not a legitimate subject of security studies, extensive analysis is necessary in order to better understand the theoretical implications raised by the claim that transnational organized crime is an explicit threat to national security and global stability. For example, to what extent are contemporary theories of international security consistent with this expanded set of threats? How should theories of foreign policy and national security decision-making be modified or recast in order to more thoroughly comprehend the phenomenon of transnational organized crime? Second, from a policy perspective, the inclusion of transnational organized crime in states? national security strategies also mandates a thorough reevaluation of the relationship of (traditional) national security institutions, such as the armed forces and intelligence community, to domestic law enforcement agencies as well as society as a whole. Will expanding national security actually facilitate problem solving or, conversely, frustrate the search for effective policy solutions?Based on in-depth quantitative analysis, the paper will compare the responses of the United States and South Africa to the challenges associated with transnational organized crime. Both states are regional leaders with strong economies and long borders which, inter alia, attract and facilitate the activities of transnational organized crime syndicates. The investigation will address at least three areas. First, to what extent have the two countries incorporated transnational organized crime into their national security strategies? What explicit threats and risks do crime syndicates pose to their states? security and regional stability? Does international organized crime present numerous dangers (drug trafficking, human smuggling, money laundering, etc.) or are the states concerned primarily with its potential links to terrorist groups? Second, how have the two states adjusted their foreign and security policies to this issue? How, if at all, have decision makers restructured their countries? national security institutions (intelligence, armed forces, diplomatic, etc.)? In dealing with the issue, how did leaders balance or incorporate domestic, regional, and/or international level solutions? Third, what are some of the most important, and unintended, consequences of the securitization of transnational organized crime? For example, what are the potential impacts on civil-military relations of a growing utilization of the armed forces to combat organized crime? How do these new missions affect military professionalism and troop morale?

Neither Colour, Nor Nationality: IWW interracial organizing in South Africa and the United States

The United States and Mexico against Transnational Organized Crime: National Interests and Policy Convergence