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Association: Name: International Studies Association 48th Annual Convention URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p179604_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Lehman, Howard. "Japan?s National Economic Identity and African Development: What can Africa Learn from Japan?s Development Experiences?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association 48th Annual Convention, Hilton Chicago, CHICAGO, IL, USA, Feb 28, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p179604_index.html>

Lehman, H. P. , 2007-02-28 "Japan?s National Economic Identity and African Development: What can Africa Learn from Japan?s Development Experiences?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association 48th Annual Convention, Hilton Chicago, CHICAGO, IL, USA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p179604_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: I examine the role of Japan?s national economic identity as a foundation for its foreign economic policy towards Africa. From earlier research, it seems clear that Japanese officials and policy analysts believe that the Japanese development experience can provide important and relevant lessons to African countries. One lesson is the self-help perspective. Self-help refers to the recipient country?s ability and willingness to take responsibility for its economic problems and the initiative for their own development. Also, self-help implies reluctance for the Japanese government to directly involve itself in the domestic affairs of recipient countries. This largely explains Japan?s cautious stance towards conditionality. Moreover, at this time of Japan?s emerging ODA strategy, the government adhered to a ?request basis? position in which recipient countries first must request from the Japanese government for foreign aid. This principle embodies the idea that Japan will help only those countries that are willing to help themselves. A World Bank report noted that Japan tended to emphasize economic rather than social needs of a recipient country in applying the request-based assistance principle.Another lesson from Japan?s national identity targets its alternative view of economic development. The government pushed for its own economic policies that stood in contrast to other donor agencies or governments. In contrast to the views commonly referred to as the Washington Consensus, Japan relied on its own development experiences as a guide in assisting African countries. Its experiences suggest to the Japanese government that state administrative functions have a crucial role in the development process. In particular, the state role can facilitate needed economic production as it appeared to occur in Japan and other Asian countries. What the Japanese government has been promoting, in part, is the reduction of poverty through economic production instead of direct funding of poverty programs. From Japan?s perspective, this emphasis adheres to the concept of ownership. Ownership of the aid process has implied a relevant role for a ?developmental state;? in other words, that the state has a positive, facilitating role in the economy.

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