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Marriage as the “Either/Or” Phenomenon: Unmarried, Employed Women’s Views of Marriage and Work in Japan |
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Abstract:
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Why is non-marriage increasing among highly educated women in Japan, one of the least gender-equal industrialized countries? According to the economic independence theorists improving economic standing among women leads to the decline of marriage primarily due to women’s avoidance of unequal gender burdens in household. However, scholars have pointed out this theory’s contradiction in its exclusive emphasis on women’s economic independence in such highly gendered traditional society as Japan. Corresponding to the limited applicability of economic independence theory to Japan, a country with distinct gender inequality, this paper examines how gender barriers in the labor and marriage markets shape employed women’s views of marriage in Japan.
Based on in-depth interviews with 26 never-married Japanese women, the paper addresses how employed women’s views of marriage are shaped by gender inequality in employment structure and the marriage market in Japan. Employing the notion of gender strategies, I analyze four strategies (deflection, repudiation, ambivalence, and compliance) through which employed women negotiate their positions within the discourses of marriage and rationalize their non-married status. I also discuss these women’s non-married status as resistance to the gender inequalities in the current employment structure and marital relationships, which, I argue, possibly translate into the patterns of rising non-marriage in Japan. |
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women (175), marriag (165), work (72), marri (55), japanes (54), gender (49), employ (47), job (47), compani (43), market (42), high (41), econom (35), career (32), japan (32), said (30), men (29), woman (28), famili (27), also (27), want (26), strategi (25), |
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Association:
Name: American Sociological Association
URL: http://www.asanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Nemoto, Kumiko. "Marriage as the “Either/Or” Phenomenon: Unmarried, Employed Women’s Views of Marriage and Work in Japan" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, TBA, New York, New York City, Aug 11, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p181839_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Nemoto, K. , 2007-08-11 "Marriage as the “Either/Or” Phenomenon: Unmarried, Employed Women’s Views of Marriage and Work in Japan" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, TBA, New York, New York City Online <PDF>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p181839_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Why is non-marriage increasing among highly educated women in Japan, one of the least gender-equal industrialized countries? According to the economic independence theorists improving economic standing among women leads to the decline of marriage primarily due to women’s avoidance of unequal gender burdens in household. However, scholars have pointed out this theory’s contradiction in its exclusive emphasis on women’s economic independence in such highly gendered traditional society as Japan. Corresponding to the limited applicability of economic independence theory to Japan, a country with distinct gender inequality, this paper examines how gender barriers in the labor and marriage markets shape employed women’s views of marriage in Japan.
Based on in-depth interviews with 26 never-married Japanese women, the paper addresses how employed women’s views of marriage are shaped by gender inequality in employment structure and the marriage market in Japan. Employing the notion of gender strategies, I analyze four strategies (deflection, repudiation, ambivalence, and compliance) through which employed women negotiate their positions within the discourses of marriage and rationalize their non-married status. I also discuss these women’s non-married status as resistance to the gender inequalities in the current employment structure and marital relationships, which, I argue, possibly translate into the patterns of rising non-marriage in Japan. |
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| Document Type: |
PDF |
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| Word count: |
7750 |
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| Marriage as the “Either/Or” Phenomenon: Unmarried Employed Women’s Views of Marriage and Work in Japan Japan is one of the least gender-equal industrialized countries in the world (Brinton 1988 1989; Fuwa 2004; Raymo 1998 2003; Raymo &Iwasaki 2005; Rethergord Ogawa & Matsukawa 2001; Tsuya & Bumpass 2004; United Nations Human Development Report 2005). Why then are more and more highly educated women choosing not to ever marry? Increasing non-marriage has often been attributed to women’s improving economic standing. According |
| C. (1998). The declining birthrate: Whose problem? Review of Population and Social Policy 7 10-128. Upham F.K. (1987). Law and social change in postwar Japan. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. 28 White M.I. (2002). Perfectly Japanese: Making families in an era of upheaval. Berkeley: University of California Press. Yu Wei-Hsin. (2002). Jobs for mothers: Married women’s labor force reentry and part-time temporary employment in Japan. Sociological Forum 17 493-523. ------. (2005). Changes in women’s postmarital employment in Japan and |
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