Author's Keywords: Agency, Cultural Structures, Strategy, Tactics, Social Movements, Animal Rights, France	Convention All Academic Convention is the premier solution for your association's abstract management solutions needs. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Sociological Association URL: http://www.asanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p183991_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Cherry, Elizabeth. "Movement Cultures as Social Structures: Agency Through Tactical and Strategic Choices in the Animal Rights Movement in France and the United States" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, TBA, New York, New York City, Aug 11, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-05-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p183991_index.html>

Cherry, E. R. , 2007-08-11 "Movement Cultures as Social Structures: Agency Through Tactical and Strategic Choices in the Animal Rights Movement in France and the United States" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, TBA, New York, New York City Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p183991_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: Most social movement scholars attribute activists� choices of strategies and tactics to rational decisions based on personal preferences, past experiences, or opponents� abilities to sanction. But these explanations cannot account for instances when activists knowingly choose strategies and tactics that do not seem to offer the likeliest chance of success. What can account for these seemingly irrational choices�why would activists purposefully avoid likely successful strategies and tactics? I address this question through a comparative study of the animal rights movements in France and the United States, based on interviews and participant observation with activists in both countries. Activists in the U.S. exhibit more tactical pragmatism than French activists, who engage in �tactical stubbornness��sometimes refusing tactics and strategies that have proven successful for others. I argue that these choices are not irrational, and surprisingly are not based on cultural or structural constraints external to the movement. Instead, they are indicative of the constraints placed on activists by the cultural structures within the animal rights movement itself. This meso-level analysis adds a new level to studies of tactical choices, and also provides a comparative perspective to an empirical case of cultural structures and agency.

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