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Local and National News Narratives: Differences at the Pentadic Ratio Level

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Abstract:

This study examines how local newspaper narrative might differ from national newspaper narrative. Standard journalistic practices create a consistency of form and content. This assumption is examined in the following paper. Articles from the New York Times and the Austin-American Statesman were coded for stories on both the 2004 Presidential campaign and the controversy surrounding Tom DeLay. Coding with Burkes pentadic ratios demonstrates differences not found with the in the journalistic practices alone.

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narrat (117), 0 (78), stori (62), newspap (53), local (47), nation (47), news (40), audienc (34), differ (34), 2 (32), journalist (30), time (29), event (29), new (29), fact (28), burk (27), analysi (27), york (27), term (27), polit (26), ratio (26),

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Journalism, pentad, Burke
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Harmon, Wade. "Local and National News Narratives: Differences at the Pentadic Ratio Level" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the NCA 93rd Annual Convention, TBA, Chicago, IL, Nov 15, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p191961_index.html>

APA Citation:

Harmon, W. , 2007-11-15 "Local and National News Narratives: Differences at the Pentadic Ratio Level" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the NCA 93rd Annual Convention, TBA, Chicago, IL Online <PDF>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p191961_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study examines how local newspaper narrative might differ from national newspaper narrative. Standard journalistic practices create a consistency of form and content. This assumption is examined in the following paper. Articles from the New York Times and the Austin-American Statesman were coded for stories on both the 2004 Presidential campaign and the controversy surrounding Tom DeLay. Coding with Burkes pentadic ratios demonstrates differences not found with the in the journalistic practices alone.

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Associated Document Available NCA 93rd Annual Convention

Document Type: PDF
Page count: 28
Word count: 839
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1 Local and National News Narratives: Differences at the Pentadic Ratio Level STUDENT PAPER Abstract This study examines how local newspaper narrative might differ from national newspaper  narrative. Standard journalistic practices create a consistency of form and content. This  consistency should carry through national and local news. This assumption is examined in the  following paper. Articles from the New York Times and the Austin­American Statesman were  coded for stories on both the 2004 Presidential campaign and the controversy surrounding Tom  DeLay. Coding with Burke’s pentadic ratios demonstrates differences not found with the in the  journalistic practices alone. 2 3 Does local news narrative differ from national news narrative when reporting the same political events? STUDENT PAPER Narrative operates in the news as a form into which facts  images  opinions  and values  are placed. Use of narrative is a common practice in the media wherein journalists strive to  make sense of the world for a public that did not witness the actual events. Bennett refers to  this practice saying that  “The news maintains a semblance of coherence…through the  journalistic crafting of narratives” (382)  and Zelizer comments on the confusing succession of  events in the world saying that  “Narrative brings these images together in meaningful ways   lending unity  temporal and spatial sequencing  and form” (5). A narrative is a story that  includes elements of drama: theme  character  climax  and conclusion. Events make sense only  if they relate in some way to a human actor that other humans can relate to.  Narrative has a  symbolic authority in the human psyche because all an individual’s experiences are understood  as a dramatic narrative with a larger meaning. It can “motivate the belief and action of  outsiders toward the actors and events caught up in its plot” (Bennett and Edelman  156). By  comparison a fact is nearly meaningless since it exists by definition outside a context. We can  approach a narrative as a type of argument that arranges the elements of an event to make a  case. The main assumption in narrative analysis of news content is that people will become the  main actors even in events that do not ostensibly have any human agents. If a narrative has all the elements of a story  then it is not difficult to see that each news  4 story needs actors. Politics involves people placed in dramatic situations. A political event is  portrayed as having politicians who will be opposing other politicians or societal forces.  Bennett and Edelman remark that  “the most common narrative plots in U.S. mass media is the  saga of the government and its agents confronting formidable ‘facts of life’” (156). When the  news is reporting on political events rather than non­political ones it is assumed that politicians  will be at the center of the narrative. Bennett comments that  “news representations of politics  is bent toward news narratives based on personal power struggles” (382). Furthermore  they  will provide the tension in the story in the form of drama. It is instructive to read a narrative of  political events to see which elements are hidden and which are highlighted. Drama allows a  media audience to participate in the political event as it recognizes  either directly or  analogically  itself in the unfolding narrative.  Several scholars have called attention to journalists’ use of narrative (Jamieson and 
Symbolic Convergence Theory and Grunig’s Situational Theory of Publics. Journal of Public  Relations Research  1993   5(3)  201­216. Winfield  Betty Houchin  Friedman  Barbara  and Trisnadi  Vivara.History as Metaphor  Through Which the Current World is Viewed: British and American Uses of history  following the 11 September 2001 Terrorist Attacks. Journalism Studies  2002  Vol. 3 No. 2   pp. 289­300. Zelizer  B. (1993). Covering the Body: The Kennedy Assassination  the Media  and the Shaping   28 of Collective Memory. The University of Chicago Press.


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