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The Motives of Judicial Avoidance: The Influence of Role Orientation in the Supreme Court's Creation of Constitutional Doctrine

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Abstract:

This paper seeks to illustrate an important manifestation of the Supreme Court's institutional perspective in its decision-making. Specifically, it aims to show how the role orientation of the justices, shaped by their socialization in the legal profession and reinforced by the expectations of various salient audiences, can affect the constitutional doctrine the Court creates. My hypothesis is that the justices will at times defy both their ideological preferences and what precedent seems to require in order to avoid creating constitutional rules that conflict with their conceptions of the proper judicial role. That is, they are motivated to avoid crafting doctrine that forces future courts to make judgments that, in their minds, lack the sort of objective, legal standards characteristic of judicial, rather than legislative, decision-making.

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court (153), state (98), justic (92), role (85), judici (80), tax (79), decis (71), u.s (51), constitut (49), legal (49), id (48), judg (48), v (46), law (40), moorman (39), incom (36), case (35), make (34), orient (32), polit (31), avoid (31),

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Judicial politics,constitutional doctrine
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Name: WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
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http://www.csus.edu/ORG/WPSA/


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Joondeph, Bradley. "The Motives of Judicial Avoidance: The Influence of Role Orientation in the Supreme Court's Creation of Constitutional Doctrine" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, Manchester Hyatt, San Diego, California, Mar 20, 2008 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p238023_index.html>

APA Citation:

Joondeph, B. W. , 2008-03-20 "The Motives of Judicial Avoidance: The Influence of Role Orientation in the Supreme Court's Creation of Constitutional Doctrine" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, Manchester Hyatt, San Diego, California Online <PDF>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p238023_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper seeks to illustrate an important manifestation of the Supreme Court's institutional perspective in its decision-making. Specifically, it aims to show how the role orientation of the justices, shaped by their socialization in the legal profession and reinforced by the expectations of various salient audiences, can affect the constitutional doctrine the Court creates. My hypothesis is that the justices will at times defy both their ideological preferences and what precedent seems to require in order to avoid creating constitutional rules that conflict with their conceptions of the proper judicial role. That is, they are motivated to avoid crafting doctrine that forces future courts to make judgments that, in their minds, lack the sort of objective, legal standards characteristic of judicial, rather than legislative, decision-making.

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Document Type: PDF
Page count: 47
Word count: 1198
Text sample:
The Motives of Judicial Avoidance: The Influence of Role Orientation in  the Supreme Court’s Creation of Constitutional Doctrine Bradley W. Joondeph∗ For the past three decades  positive accounts of Supreme Court decision­ making have generally relied on one of two models to explain the Court’s behavior.  The first is the attitudinal model  which posits that the Court’s decisions are best  understood as an aggregation of the justices’ individual ideologies or policy  preferences.  As the two leading attitudinalists have famously written  “Rehnquist  vote[d] the way he [did] because he [was] extremely conservative; [Thurgood]  Marshall voted the way he did because he was extremely liberal.”1  The second is the  strategic model  based on the view that the justices are not completely free to pursue  their policy goals  but instead are constrained by the preferences of various other  power holders  such as their fellow justices  Congress  the president  and the general   Associate Professor and Associate Dean for Faculty Development  Santa Clara   University School of Law.  Thanks are due to Terri Peretti and David Franklin for  insightful comments at the inception of this paper’s development. 1  JEFFREY A. SEGAL & HAROLD J. SPAETH  THE SUPREME COURT AND THE ATTITUDINAL MODEL  REVISITED 86 (2002). Bradley W. Joondeph — WPSA Annual Meeting  San Diego  California (March 20–22  2008) public.2  The justices’ votes are therefore often the product of strategic adjustments  intended to produce the results closest to their true preferences.   Importantly  both the attitudinal and strategic conceptions of the Court’s  decision­making generally assume that the justices are solely concerned with  furthering their own  exogenously determined policy objectives.  The law and the  norms of the legal process are largely afterthoughts  except insofar as maintaining  the appearance of legal reasoning is strategically advantageous.3  In recent years   however  a counter­insurgency of sorts has emerged to defend the view that law   broadly understood  might actually affect the Court’s decisions.  Working within the  school of new institutionalism  and using methods of in­depth case studies and  historical interpretation  a number of scholars have argued that the Court’s  institutional environment amounts to more than just a set of political constraints.  2  See  e.g.  LEE EPSTEIN & JACK KNIGHT  THE CHOICES JUSTICES MAKE (1998); WALTER F.  MURPHY  ELEMENTS OF JUDICIAL STRATEGY (1964); Lee Epstein & Thomas G. Walker  The   Role of the Supreme Court in American Society: Playing the Reconstruction Game  in  CONTEMPLATING COURTS (Lee Epstein ed.  1995); William N. Eskridge  Jr.  Reneging on   History? Playing the Court/Congress/President Civil Rights Game  79 CAL. L. REV.  613 (1991); Forrest Maltzman  James F. Spriggs II & Paul Wahlbeck  Strategy and   Judicial Choice: New Institutionalist Approaches to Supreme Court Decision­
 531 U.S. 98 (2000). 121 46 The Motives of Judicial Avoidance precedent.  Their sense of role also impels them to create constitutional rules that  encourage judges to act like judges  and not like legislators. 47


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