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The Neomercantilist Residual Welfare States in East Asia: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore |
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Abstract:
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This paper attempts to theorize the welfare state formation in advanced East Asian capitalist economies in the context of economic development strategy. State-led, export-oriented industrialization pioneered by Japan and followed by the Four Tigers of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore set the basic parameters of the Neomercantilist Residual Welfare State (NRWS): low social spending and heavy reliance on family and enterprise welfare. While other theoretical approaches see a general ‘underdevelopment’ of social welfare in these economies, this paper argues that the NRWS employs ‘surrogate social policies’ that compensate for the lack of conventional welfare policies without proper noticed in the comparative welfare state literature. Among others, agricultural subsidies for small farmers and the statutory retirement payment for the working and middle classes in Japan, Korea and Taiwan can be considered as such.
A major divergence within the East Asian NRWS stems from two factors. One is that Singapore and Hong Kong are small city-states without rural hinterlands; the other is colonial legacy in that the city-states inherited the British-introduced social welfare institutions while Japan, Korea and Taiwan developed the social insurance-based system through policy diffusion and importation. Therefore, the NRWS has two subsets, the city-state and the nation-state model.
The NRWS was predicated upon the development strategy that enabled the East Asian ‘economic miracle’ in the late twentieth century. Recent changes in political economic environments, often summarized into globalization and democratization, have set off a complex process of global convergence/regional divergence of the welfare state in the region. |
Most Common Document Word Stems:
welfar (255), state (240), social (211), polici (130), develop (109), east (108), polit (102), econom (91), japan (86), asian (83), korea (81), model (73), taiwan (57), industri (48), regim (48), countri (47), development (47), public (45), capit (43), spend (42), nation (41), |
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Association:
Name: American Sociological Association Annual Meeting URL: http://www.asanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Kim, Pil Ho. "The Neomercantilist Residual Welfare States in East Asia: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, Sheraton Boston and the Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA, Jul 31, 2008 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p239622_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Kim, P. , 2008-07-31 "The Neomercantilist Residual Welfare States in East Asia: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, Sheraton Boston and the Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p239622_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: This paper attempts to theorize the welfare state formation in advanced East Asian capitalist economies in the context of economic development strategy. State-led, export-oriented industrialization pioneered by Japan and followed by the Four Tigers of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore set the basic parameters of the Neomercantilist Residual Welfare State (NRWS): low social spending and heavy reliance on family and enterprise welfare. While other theoretical approaches see a general ‘underdevelopment’ of social welfare in these economies, this paper argues that the NRWS employs ‘surrogate social policies’ that compensate for the lack of conventional welfare policies without proper noticed in the comparative welfare state literature. Among others, agricultural subsidies for small farmers and the statutory retirement payment for the working and middle classes in Japan, Korea and Taiwan can be considered as such.
A major divergence within the East Asian NRWS stems from two factors. One is that Singapore and Hong Kong are small city-states without rural hinterlands; the other is colonial legacy in that the city-states inherited the British-introduced social welfare institutions while Japan, Korea and Taiwan developed the social insurance-based system through policy diffusion and importation. Therefore, the NRWS has two subsets, the city-state and the nation-state model.
The NRWS was predicated upon the development strategy that enabled the East Asian ‘economic miracle’ in the late twentieth century. Recent changes in political economic environments, often summarized into globalization and democratization, have set off a complex process of global convergence/regional divergence of the welfare state in the region. |
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| Document Type: |
PDF |
| Page count: |
53 |
| Word count: |
16338 |
| Text sample: |
| The Neomercantilist Residual Welfare States in East Asia: Japan South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong and Singapore Pil Ho Kim (Sociology University of Wisconsin-Madison) Abstract This paper attempts to theorize the welfare state formation in advanced East Asian capitalist economies in the context of economic development strategy. State-led export- oriented industrialization pioneered by Japan and followed by the Four Tigers of South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong and Singapore set the basic parameters of the Neomercantilist Residual Welfare State (NRWS): low |
| States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Wong Joseph. 2004. Healthy Democracies: Welfare Politics in Taiwan and South Korea. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press. Woo Myung Sook. 2004. "Explaining Early Welfare Policies in South Korea: Focusing on the Nexus between the State and the Business Sector." Development and Society 33:22. —. 2004b. The Politics of Social Welfare Policy in South Korea: Growth and Citizenship. Lanham: University Press of America. Woo-Cumings Meredith. 1999. "The Developmental State." Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press. |
Similar Titles:
Varieties of East Asian welfare capitalism: The nation-state model of Japan, Korea and Taiwan
Pricing welfare services: Strategies to adapt the social-democratic welfare model to a post-industrialized East Asian country—Taiwan
Varieties of East Asian Welfare Capitalism: The Nation-state Model of Japan, Korea, and Taiwan
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