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Weak States, Strong States?: Post-Colonial Governance, Weak Class, and Strong Ethnicity in India

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Abstract:

Institutionalist explanations of modern ethnic violence tend to emphasize the weakness of the state or the failure of civic institutions to prevent violence. Without adequate specification of mechanisms, however, this cluster of explanations risks becoming tautological. Moreover, restricting explanation to proximate temporalities may at times be misleading. This article proposes a historical turn in explanations of ethnic violence, focusing on how legacies of state formation and embedded political networks promote the possibility that violent repertoires will be used at specific historical moments. Using a range of archival and historical sources on recurrent Hindu-Muslim violence in western India, and comparative cases to discipline the theory, this paper demonstrates that ethnic violence becomes a stronger possibility in cases where prior trajectories of state formation have deepened, formalized, and accordingly policed ethnic categories. These possibilities are turned into actual events of ethnic violence when organizations and parties tap them as legacies to create ethnic blocs at unstable historical moments to win political ascendancy. While organizing these blocs they either take advantage of the prior disorganization of other possible social formations (suppressed historical possibilities), or actively disorganize them through tactics that often involve violence.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

violenc (109), state (81), ethnic (63), hindu (48), cast (46), parti (45), congress (40), polit (36), muslim (30), india (29), riot (28), 2002 (27), organ (25), ahmedabad (24), histor (24), univers (24), press (23), gujarat (22), govern (22), case (19), bjp (19),

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Ethnic Violence, State Formation, Colonialism, Post-Colonial States, Governance, India
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Desai, Manali. "Weak States, Strong States?: Post-Colonial Governance, Weak Class, and Strong Ethnicity in India" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, Sheraton Boston and the Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA, Jul 31, 2008 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p239718_index.html>

APA Citation:

Desai, M. , 2008-07-31 "Weak States, Strong States?: Post-Colonial Governance, Weak Class, and Strong Ethnicity in India" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, Sheraton Boston and the Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p239718_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Institutionalist explanations of modern ethnic violence tend to emphasize the weakness of the state or the failure of civic institutions to prevent violence. Without adequate specification of mechanisms, however, this cluster of explanations risks becoming tautological. Moreover, restricting explanation to proximate temporalities may at times be misleading. This article proposes a historical turn in explanations of ethnic violence, focusing on how legacies of state formation and embedded political networks promote the possibility that violent repertoires will be used at specific historical moments. Using a range of archival and historical sources on recurrent Hindu-Muslim violence in western India, and comparative cases to discipline the theory, this paper demonstrates that ethnic violence becomes a stronger possibility in cases where prior trajectories of state formation have deepened, formalized, and accordingly policed ethnic categories. These possibilities are turned into actual events of ethnic violence when organizations and parties tap them as legacies to create ethnic blocs at unstable historical moments to win political ascendancy. While organizing these blocs they either take advantage of the prior disorganization of other possible social formations (suppressed historical possibilities), or actively disorganize them through tactics that often involve violence.

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Document Type: PDF
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Weak State Strong State? Post-Colonial Governance Weak Class and Strong Ethnicity in India Manali Desai University of Kent Please do not quote or cite without the author’s permission 2 Abstract Institutionalist explanations of modern ethnic violence tend to emphasize the weakness of the state or the failure of civic institutions to prevent violence. Without adequate specification of mechanisms however this cluster of explanations risks becoming tautological. Moreover restricting explanation to proximate temporalities may at times be misleading. This article
of Ahmedabad in the 1980s ” Modern Asian Studies 39(4):861-896. Sidel John T. 2006. Riots Pogroms Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Simpson Edward. 2006. “The State of Gujarat and the Men Without Souls ” Critique of Anthropology 26:331-48. Steinmetz George. 1999. State/Culture: State Formation After the Cultural Turn. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Varshney Ashutosh. 2002. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India. Oxford: Oxford University Press. “We Want Family Planning…hum paanch humare


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