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Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Residential Proximity to Polluting Industrial Facilities: Evidence from the Americans Changing Lives Study |
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Abstract:
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Background: Concerns about impacts from disproportionate environmental exposures have been a major driving force in mobilizing minority communities into a national “environmental justice” movement. However, methods used in prior studies to assess such inequalities (primarily unit-hazard coincidence approaches using census data) have serious limitations. The purpose of this study was to apply an alternative approach using national survey data to assess racial and socioeconomic differences in exposure to environmental hazards.
Methods: Addresses of respondents in the Americans’ Changing Lives Study were geocoded to produce point locations. In addition, locations were geocoded for polluting industrial facilities in EPA’s Toxic Release Inventory. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate whether race and other sociodemographic characteristics were associated with living within 1.0 mile of a polluting facility.
Findings: Black respondents were significantly more likely to live near a facility. This elevated risk persisted after controlling for age, income, education, gender and marital status. Additional analyses revealed that black respondents had an increased risk of living near a polluting facility in only certain geographic regions. Although those making less than $40,000 per year and those without a high school diploma were also significantly more likely to live within a mile of a facility, these outcomes were not found to vary geographically.
Conclusions: This is the first national study to combine sociodemographic information from survey data with environmental data to reveal racial disparities in exposure. This study also makes a methodological contribution and lays a foundation for future research to investigate the relationship between disparities in exposure to disparities in health status outcomes over time. |
Most Common Document Word Stems:
facil (103), live (57), area (54), respond (53), dispar (47), environment (45), industri (42), racial (42), locat (40), pollut (39), use (37), region (37), socioeconom (35), signific (34), hazard (33), 1 (32), mile (32), proxim (31), resid (29), model (29), place (29), |
Author's Keywords:
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Environmental Disparities, Environmental Inequality, Environmental Justice, Race/Ethnicity, Health |
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Association:
Name: American Sociological Association Annual Meeting URL: http://www.asanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Mohai, Paul., Lantz, Paula., Morenoff, Jeffrey., House, James. and mero, Richard. "Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Residential Proximity to Polluting Industrial Facilities: Evidence from the Americans Changing Lives Study" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, Sheraton Boston and the Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA, Jul 31, 2008 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p240827_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Mohai, P. , Lantz, P. M., Morenoff, J. , House, J. S. and mero, R. P. , 2008-07-31 "Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Residential Proximity to Polluting Industrial Facilities: Evidence from the Americans Changing Lives Study" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, Sheraton Boston and the Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p240827_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: Background: Concerns about impacts from disproportionate environmental exposures have been a major driving force in mobilizing minority communities into a national “environmental justice” movement. However, methods used in prior studies to assess such inequalities (primarily unit-hazard coincidence approaches using census data) have serious limitations. The purpose of this study was to apply an alternative approach using national survey data to assess racial and socioeconomic differences in exposure to environmental hazards.
Methods: Addresses of respondents in the Americans’ Changing Lives Study were geocoded to produce point locations. In addition, locations were geocoded for polluting industrial facilities in EPA’s Toxic Release Inventory. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate whether race and other sociodemographic characteristics were associated with living within 1.0 mile of a polluting facility.
Findings: Black respondents were significantly more likely to live near a facility. This elevated risk persisted after controlling for age, income, education, gender and marital status. Additional analyses revealed that black respondents had an increased risk of living near a polluting facility in only certain geographic regions. Although those making less than $40,000 per year and those without a high school diploma were also significantly more likely to live within a mile of a facility, these outcomes were not found to vary geographically.
Conclusions: This is the first national study to combine sociodemographic information from survey data with environmental data to reveal racial disparities in exposure. This study also makes a methodological contribution and lays a foundation for future research to investigate the relationship between disparities in exposure to disparities in health status outcomes over time. |
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23 |
| Word count: |
6434 |
| Text sample: |
| Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Residential Proximity to Polluting Industrial Facilities: Evidence from the Americans Changing Lives Study Paul Mohai Paula M. Lantz Jeffrey Morenoff James S. House and Richard P. Mero Institute for Social Research University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 ABSTRACT Background: Concerns about impacts from disproportionate environmental exposures have been a major driving force in mobilizing minority communities into a national “environmental justice” movement. However methods used in prior studies to assess such inequalities (primarily |
| the U. S.) South Southern Cities Southern Suburbs (n=1 032) (n=418) (n=396) West Western Metropolitan Areas (n=423) 21 Figure 2: Percent of Whites and Percent of Blacks Living within 1.0 mile of a Polluting Industrial Facility 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% U.S. Rural Northeast Metro West Metro Midwest Metro South City South Suburb Whites Blacks 22 23 |
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