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"Fixed" Sentencing Reforms: The Effect on the Racial Composition of Imprisonment Rates Over Time
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Leymon 27
Table 1. OLS Regression with Panel Corrected Standard Errors of Black Imprisonment Rate per 1000 Black State Population (1978 to 1998), White Imprisonment Rate per 1000 White State Population (1978 to 1998), and Hispanic Imprisonment Rate per 1000 Hispanic State Population (1981 to 1998) with AR1 Correction for Autocorrelation and Fixed Effects for States
Black Prison Pop White Prison Pop Hispanic Prison Pop
Model 1
Model 2
Model3
Sent, Reforms Presumptive
2.3875***
.1499***
.8217**
Guidelines
(.5624)
(.0632)
(.2915)
Voluntary
3.0306***
.1547***
.9702**
Guidelines
(.4582)
(.0755)
(.3790)
Presumptive
3.5243***
.3325*
1.6940***
Sentencing
(.6285)
(.1688)
(.2601)
Determinate
.6086
.1489***
.7324**
Sentencing
(.5775)
(.0569)
(.3140
Demographics Percent Black
-.7291***
.3838*
-.2233***
(.1235)
(.1770)
(.0163)
Percent
.6524***
.1614**
.2720***
Hispanic
(.0932)
(.0670)
(.0192)
R sq
.4991
.3580
.4844
Wald Chi-sq
346.65
1055.38
17810.99
Rho
.7359
.7407
.6829
Note: Numbers in parentheses are standard errors, * = P<.05, ** = P<.01, *** = P<.001.
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Leymon 27
Table 1. OLS Regression with Panel Corrected Standard Errors of Black
Imprisonment Rate per 1000 Black State Population (1978 to 1998), White
Imprisonment Rate per 1000 White State Population (1978 to 1998), and
Hispanic Imprisonment Rate per 1000 Hispanic State Population (1981 to
1998) with AR1 Correction for Autocorrelation and Fixed Effects for States
Black Prison Pop White Prison Pop Hispanic Prison Pop
Model 1
Model 2
Model3
Sent, Reforms
Presumptive
2.3875***
.1499***
.8217**
Guidelines
(.5624)
(.0632)
(.2915)
Voluntary
3.0306***
.1547***
.9702**
Guidelines
(.4582)
(.0755)
(.3790)
Presumptive
3.5243***
.3325*
1.6940***
Sentencing
(.6285)
(.1688)
(.2601)
Determinate
.6086
.1489***
.7324**
Sentencing
(.5775)
(.0569)
(.3140
Demographics
Percent Black
-.7291***
.3838*
-.2233***
(.1235)
(.1770)
(.0163)
Percent
.6524***
.1614**
.2720***
Hispanic
(.0932)
(.0670)
(.0192)
R sq
.4991
.3580
.4844
Wald Chi-sq
346.65
1055.38
17810.99
Rho
.7359
.7407
.6829
Note: Numbers in parentheses are standard errors, * = P<.05, ** = P<.01,
*** = P<.001.
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