Author's Keywords: social psychology, evolution, fear, trust, cooperation, conflict	Convention All Academic Convention can solve the abstract management needs for any association's annual meeting. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p251612_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Tang, Shiping. "The Evolutionary (Social) Psychology of Fear and Trust: Or why is international cooperation difficult but conflict easy?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA, Mar 26, 2008 <Not Available>. 2010-01-24 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p251612_index.html>

Tang, S. , 2008-03-26 "The Evolutionary (Social) Psychology of Fear and Trust: Or why is international cooperation difficult but conflict easy?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2010-01-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p251612_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: This article seeks to outline an integrative social psychology about fear and trust from an evolutionary perspective. Such an integrative social psychology about fear and trust provides part of the fundamental answer why international cooperation is difficult but conflict easy. Specifically, I argue that two broad types of intention, malignant intention and benign intention, pose almost diametrically opposite challenges for states. Comparing to benign intention, the problem for malignant intention is not that it is difficult to detect, but it is difficult to hide. In contrast, comparing to malignant intention, the problem for benign intention is not that it is difficult to detect, but it is too easily dismissed and discounted. It is because this general fact that makes international cooperation difficult; while makes international non-cooperation (cold peace, cold war, even hot war) more likely. I further argue that the ultimate cause behind this general fact lies with the evolutionary past of our species. During the long evolutionary process leading to modern human, two interrelated traits—indeed, these two traits can be understood as two sides of the psychology for coping with danger or fear--have been robustly selected for our survival. The first trait is to detect and (over)react to danger, whereas the second is to neglect and dismiss lack of danger. This core psychology of fear is further reinforced by three other traits: attribution biases, egocentrism, and disinclination for systemic thinking. Together, they have primed decision-makers toward overestimating danger and underestimating trust in international politics. In addition to providing some evidences from social psychology and IR literature, I also examine two empirical cases to show that there indeed exists an integrative social psychology of fear in human mind and it operates among decision makers.

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