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Illegal Flows, Transnational Criminal Networks and State Power: Pakistan's State Nuclear Weapons Program and the A.Q. Khan Network |
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Abstract:
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Since the end of the Cold War, a growing chorus of scholars has argued that international illegal flows and the criminal networks that facilitate them are representative of a decline in the power of nation-states. Few have considered that such networks may be used to enhance state power. Beginning in the 1970s, Dr. A.Q. Khan and the government of Pakistan cultivated a transnational criminal network to surreptitiously build Islamabad a nuclear weapon, an effort that had succeeded by the late 1980s. Khan, along with elements of the Pakistani government, then used this same network to offer the same capability to other states, namely Iran, Libya and North Korea. Traditional international relations theory would posit that any state that possesses nuclear weapons has enhanced its power. Thus, the case of Pakistan and Khan’s network may provide important insights not only for nuclear proliferation but for our understanding of state power in an increasingly globalized world. |
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state (146), pakistan (98), flow (78), nuclear (73), khan (70), illeg (66), network (62), centrifug (52), use (49), power (47), may (39), weapon (39), pakistani (33), program (32), illicit (32), enrich (29), develop (29), uranium (25), also (24), though (23), part (23), |
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Association:
Name: ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES URL: http://www.isanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Kelman, Jonathan. "Illegal Flows, Transnational Criminal Networks and State Power: Pakistan's State Nuclear Weapons Program and the A.Q. Khan Network" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA, Mar 26, 2008 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p251873_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Kelman, J. H. , 2008-03-26 "Illegal Flows, Transnational Criminal Networks and State Power: Pakistan's State Nuclear Weapons Program and the A.Q. Khan Network" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p251873_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: Since the end of the Cold War, a growing chorus of scholars has argued that international illegal flows and the criminal networks that facilitate them are representative of a decline in the power of nation-states. Few have considered that such networks may be used to enhance state power. Beginning in the 1970s, Dr. A.Q. Khan and the government of Pakistan cultivated a transnational criminal network to surreptitiously build Islamabad a nuclear weapon, an effort that had succeeded by the late 1980s. Khan, along with elements of the Pakistani government, then used this same network to offer the same capability to other states, namely Iran, Libya and North Korea. Traditional international relations theory would posit that any state that possesses nuclear weapons has enhanced its power. Thus, the case of Pakistan and Khan’s network may provide important insights not only for nuclear proliferation but for our understanding of state power in an increasingly globalized world. |
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| Document Type: |
PDF |
| Page count: |
31 |
| Word count: |
8291 |
| Text sample: |
| 1 A Different Kind of ‘Power Shift:’ Illegal Flows State Power and the Pakistani Nuclear Weapons Program: Jonathan H. C. Kelman 2 There is a growing body of literature that argues that the Westphalian system of sovereign territorial nation states has been and will continue to be steadily undermined by the illegal flow of people and goods across international borders. Much of this writing focuses on the ease with which illegal goods may be transported freely and without interference |
| The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1994. Sreedhar. Pakistan’s Bomb: A Documentary Study. New Delhi: ABC Publishing House 1986. Strange Susan. The Retreat of the State: The Diffusions of Power in the World Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996. Van Schendel Willem. The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia. London: Anthem Press 2005. Van Schendel Willem and Itty Abraham ed. Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States Borders |
Similar Titles:
Power Reconsidered: Why Certain States Seek Nuclear Weapons and Others Don't
The Politics of Nuclear Cooperation: Why States Share Nuclear Weapons Technology
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