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Local Governments as Foreign Policy Actors and Global Cities Network-Makers: The Cases of Barcelona and Porto Alegre |
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Abstract:
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This paper aims to contribute to the growing, interdisciplinary literature on World Cities and (World) City Networks. It draws on two different sets of academic production and tries to make a connection between them. The first set comes from the research of political geographers on World Cities, particularly the group on Globalization and World Cities led by Peter Taylor, of Loughsbourough University (UK). The second set are the more varied and transdisciplinary contributions (originating mainly from Sociology, Political Science and International Relations/Foreign Policy Analysis) focused on the transnational activities of local governments. My point of departure is the examination of Taylor's attempt to identify the "skeletal structures of global governance and global civil society" through two different city networks, a supra-state city network with UN agencies as network-makers (global governance network) and a trans-state city network with NGOs as network-makers (civil society network). According to Taylor, the nodes ("World Cities") of the global governance network are the cities which host the biggest number of United Nations agencies, and the nodes of the civil society network are the cities which host the biggest number of NGOs.
Local governments are explicitly banned as network-makers in Taylor's model. I argue that the model would improve considerably if instead they were taken into account. In fact, the networking transnational activities led by local governments have been repeatedly highlighted as essential elements of both global governance and, to a lesser extent, of global civil society. I therefore propose the consideration of an alternative global governance city network whose nodes or World Cities would be those cities with local governments particularly active both in the construction of frameworks of transnational cooperation among local governments and in the transnational diffusion of successful urban management practices.
I illustrate this with the examples of two cities which qualify, according to these two criteria, as nodes of the global governance network: Barcelona (Spain) and Porto Alegre (Brazil). The local government of Barcelona, host of United Cities and Local Governments (the recently created world association of cities) has been one of the main promoters of the political articulation of cities at a global level and has been also a successful propagator of its own model of urban management, mainly to Latin American cities. Porto Alegre, also an active network maker, is widely known through the diffusion of its "participative budget" (a mechanism of municipal resource allocation based on wide participation of civil society representatives) all over the world, including some municipalities of the North.
The global governance network made up of cities with active local governments in the ways described above would probably be much less hierarchical than Taylor's, a result that would be more consistent with the idea (defended by James Rosenau, among others) that global governance operates through rather horizontal power structures. |
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citi (204), govern (136), network (131), global (122), local (62), world (48), intern (47), taylor (44), urban (43), polit (37), barcelona (35), studi (31), also (29), societi (29), civil (27), practic (27), flow (26), porto (26), cooper (26), alegr (26), diffus (24), |
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Name: ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES URL: http://www.isanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Salomon, Monica. "Local Governments as Foreign Policy Actors and Global Cities Network-Makers: The Cases of Barcelona and Porto Alegre" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA, Mar 26, 2008 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p252346_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Salomon, M. , 2008-03-26 "Local Governments as Foreign Policy Actors and Global Cities Network-Makers: The Cases of Barcelona and Porto Alegre" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p252346_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the growing, interdisciplinary literature on World Cities and (World) City Networks. It draws on two different sets of academic production and tries to make a connection between them. The first set comes from the research of political geographers on World Cities, particularly the group on Globalization and World Cities led by Peter Taylor, of Loughsbourough University (UK). The second set are the more varied and transdisciplinary contributions (originating mainly from Sociology, Political Science and International Relations/Foreign Policy Analysis) focused on the transnational activities of local governments. My point of departure is the examination of Taylor's attempt to identify the "skeletal structures of global governance and global civil society" through two different city networks, a supra-state city network with UN agencies as network-makers (global governance network) and a trans-state city network with NGOs as network-makers (civil society network). According to Taylor, the nodes ("World Cities") of the global governance network are the cities which host the biggest number of United Nations agencies, and the nodes of the civil society network are the cities which host the biggest number of NGOs.
Local governments are explicitly banned as network-makers in Taylor's model. I argue that the model would improve considerably if instead they were taken into account. In fact, the networking transnational activities led by local governments have been repeatedly highlighted as essential elements of both global governance and, to a lesser extent, of global civil society. I therefore propose the consideration of an alternative global governance city network whose nodes or World Cities would be those cities with local governments particularly active both in the construction of frameworks of transnational cooperation among local governments and in the transnational diffusion of successful urban management practices.
I illustrate this with the examples of two cities which qualify, according to these two criteria, as nodes of the global governance network: Barcelona (Spain) and Porto Alegre (Brazil). The local government of Barcelona, host of United Cities and Local Governments (the recently created world association of cities) has been one of the main promoters of the political articulation of cities at a global level and has been also a successful propagator of its own model of urban management, mainly to Latin American cities. Porto Alegre, also an active network maker, is widely known through the diffusion of its "participative budget" (a mechanism of municipal resource allocation based on wide participation of civil society representatives) all over the world, including some municipalities of the North.
The global governance network made up of cities with active local governments in the ways described above would probably be much less hierarchical than Taylor's, a result that would be more consistent with the idea (defended by James Rosenau, among others) that global governance operates through rather horizontal power structures. |
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| 1 49th Annual ISA Convention San Francisco CA March 26th – March 29th 2008 “Bridging Multiple Divides” WD51 Wednesday 3:45 PM – 5:30 PM Comparative Interdisciplinary Studies Chair: Mark Amen University of South Florida Paper Title: Local Governments as Foreign Policy Actors and Global Cities Network-Makers: The Cases of Barcelona and Porto Alegre Author: Monica Salomon Assistant Professor Instituto de Relações Internacionais Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio de Janeiro Brazil monica-salomon@puc-rio.br Abstract This paper aims to contribute to the growing |
| “Middle East city networks and the ‘new urbanism’ “ Cities vol. 22 no. 3 pp. 189-199. TAYLOR P. (2000) “World cities and territorial states under conditions of contemporary globalization” Political Geography vol. 19 no 1 pp.5-32 TAYLOR P. J. (2005) “New political geographies: Global civil society and global governance through world city networks” PoliticalGeography vol. 24 pp. 703-730. TAYLOR P. J. CATALANO G. and WALKER D. R. F. (2002) “Exploratory analysis of world city network”. Urban Studies 19 2377-2394. |
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