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Association: Name: ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p253632_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Crow, Ryan. "The Dynamics of International Influence: The Relationship of Influence to Realist Conceptions of Power and the Shifting Utility of Influence as a Tool of Foreign Policy" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA, Mar 26, 2008 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p253632_index.html>

Crow, R. , 2008-03-26 "The Dynamics of International Influence: The Relationship of Influence to Realist Conceptions of Power and the Shifting Utility of Influence as a Tool of Foreign Policy" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p253632_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: The relationship between materially based or "hard" power and international influence has been understudied and misunderstood. Contemporary realist scholars have tended to underestimate the importance of influence, choosing to focus almost entirely on hard power considerations as drivers of state behavior. At the same time, liberal scholars have tended to misunderstand influence (often termed soft power) as something divorced from material capabilities. This study addresses this gap in understanding by examining the relationship between hard power and influence from a dynamic, realist perspective. By combining an understanding of states' shifting long-term relative power fortunes and a conceptualization of international influence informed by classical realist notions of prestige and status, the author is able to show that hard power resources play a major role in generating international influence. Increases materially-based power produce influence, but lags and various cultural/societal factors complicate the relationship so that there is not a one-to-one relationship between the two. The evidence also suggests that international influence plays a distinct, yet complimentary (rather than substitutive) role to hard power in shaping the behavior of other states, and this has implications for alliance formation and security. Great Britain, the United States and China are examined as case studies.

Hard Power and Soft Power: the Effects of 9/11 on US Hegemony in the International System

Hard Power and Soft Power: The Effects of 9/11 on US Hegemony in the International System

Conditioning State Responses to External Influences: The Role of Internal Moderators in State Policy Change