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Political Knowledge Gaps and Changes in the Information Environment: The Case of Education

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Abstract:

Media coverage of political facts enables members of the mass public to learn them. In the absence of media attention, people do not become knowledgeable and therefore there is no inequality in knowledge; everyone is equally ignorant. Thus media coverage contributes to the maldistribution of political information as some citizens learn more than others. But, how much is this contribution? Does it increase as media coverage increases? In an early and influential study, Tichenor, Donohue, and Olien (1970) suggested that ongoing and increased media coverage exacerbate knowledge differences between the better and less educated. Theoretically, this paper argues that their logic applies to only a narrow case. Beyond that, the implications cannot confidently be deduced from their theory. Empirically, six different cases of changes in media coverage are analyzed and the results show that regardless of whether knowledge rates were initially low or high, additional media coverage did not magnify the education-knowledge relationships.

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knowledg (110), educ (106), polit (97), media (69), recal (61), chang (56), relationship (43), 1 (38), offic (38), estim (38), differ (36), increas (35), rate (35), inform (33), effect (31), percent (31), question (30), coverag (30), case (28), attent (28), rehnquist (27),
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Name: MPSA Annual National Conference
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Highton, Benjamin. "Political Knowledge Gaps and Changes in the Information Environment: The Case of Education" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the MPSA Annual National Conference, Palmer House Hotel, Hilton, Chicago, IL, Apr 03, 2008 <Not Available>. 2010-03-12 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p266482_index.html>

APA Citation:

Highton, B. , 2008-04-03 "Political Knowledge Gaps and Changes in the Information Environment: The Case of Education" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the MPSA Annual National Conference, Palmer House Hotel, Hilton, Chicago, IL Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2010-03-12 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p266482_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Media coverage of political facts enables members of the mass public to learn them. In the absence of media attention, people do not become knowledgeable and therefore there is no inequality in knowledge; everyone is equally ignorant. Thus media coverage contributes to the maldistribution of political information as some citizens learn more than others. But, how much is this contribution? Does it increase as media coverage increases? In an early and influential study, Tichenor, Donohue, and Olien (1970) suggested that ongoing and increased media coverage exacerbate knowledge differences between the better and less educated. Theoretically, this paper argues that their logic applies to only a narrow case. Beyond that, the implications cannot confidently be deduced from their theory. Empirically, six different cases of changes in media coverage are analyzed and the results show that regardless of whether knowledge rates were initially low or high, additional media coverage did not magnify the education-knowledge relationships.

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Document Type: application/pdf
Page count: 22
Word count: 1014
Text sample:
Political Knowledge Gaps and Changes in the Information Environment: The Case of Education*        March 2008                Benjamin Highton  Department of Political Science  University of California  Davis  CA  95616‐8682  bhighton@ucdavis.edu            Abstract  Media coverage of political facts enables members of the mass public to learn them.  In the absence of  media attention  people do not become knowledgeable and therefore there is no inequality in  knowledge; everyone is equally ignorant.  Thus media coverage contributes to the maldistribution of  political information as some citizens learn more than others.  But  how much is this contribution?  Does  it increase as media coverage increases?  In an early and influential study  Tichenor  Donohue  and Olien  (1970) suggested that ongoing and increased media coverage exacerbate knowledge differences  between the better and less educated.  Theoretically  this paper argues that their logic applies to only a  narrow case.  Beyond that  the implications cannot confidently be deduced from their theory.   Empirically  six different cases of changes in media coverage are analyzed and the results show that  regardless of whether knowledge rates were initially low or high  additional media coverage did not  magnify the education‐knowledge relationships.                * Paper prepared for presentation at the 2008 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science  Association  Chicago  IL.  I appreciate advice and criticism from Ryan Claassen  Bob Huckfeldt  Brad  Jones  Cindy Kam  and Steve Nicholson.              The low level of political information within the general public raises a host of normative  concerns about the competence of ordinary citizens to participate effectively in a democracy.  The  maldistribution of political information in the mass public leads to important questions about political  inequality.   The “low mean  high variance” characteristics are the two “simplest truths . . . about the  distribution of political information in modern electorates” (Converse 1990  372) and among the most  well known and significant features of mass politics (Converse 1964  1990  2000; Luskin 1987; Zaller  1992; Delli Carpini and Keeter 1996).  Appropriately  there is a large body of scholarship that analyzes  the causes and consequences of political awareness and sophistication.  One central problem relates to 
6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 ‐2.0 ‐4.0 ‐6.0 Rehnquist Foley Blair Yeltsin Gore Quayle   Notes:  Dots represent logit parameter estimates of how the estimated effect of education on office  recall changes from T0 to T1 for the people listed on the horizontal axis.  Vertical lines represent the 95  percent confidence intervals for the estimates.        21   


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