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The Social Costs of Voting in Public: A Field Experiment of Voter Turnout in the 2008 Iowa Caucus

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Abstract:

Does voting in public increase or depress turnout? We present a theory of the effect of social pressure on voter turnout, arguing that both social costs and social benefits can affect individual behavior. We test our theory by conducting a randomized field experiment during the 2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucus, sending mailers to registered Democrats suggesting different reasons for voting. We include three treatments: (1) one telling citizens of the date, time, and location of the caucus; (2) one telling citizens the caucus is a public meeting where neighbors and friends will be attending; and (3) one telling citizens that the caucus does not have a secret ballot and that their neighbors and friends will be attending. We find that citizens are more likely to vote when information costs are reduced and when they are told the caucus is a public meeting. However, we find that turnout is reduced when citizens are told their vote choices must be revealed to their neighbors. To our knowledge, this is the first field experiment where a treatment has resulted in suppression of the vote relative to other treatment effects. These findings provide insights into individual behavior in a social context, a rejection of one explanation for heavy voter turnout in 19th century America, and practical insights for campaigns interested in mobilizing voters to presidential caucuses.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

vote (255), caucus (166), public (165), turnout (163), social (158), voter (158), treatment (131), citizen (95), secret (91), polit (89), ballot (82), group (73), particip (66), cost (66), may (62), neighbor (61), 2008 (60), iowa (57), democrat (53), elect (50), individu (50),
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Name: Southern Political Science Association
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http://www.spsa.net


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MLA Citation:

Grose, Christian. and Russell, Carrie. "The Social Costs of Voting in Public: A Field Experiment of Voter Turnout in the 2008 Iowa Caucus" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Hotel Intercontinental, New Orleans, LA, Jan 07, 2009 <Not Available>. 2010-01-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p283184_index.html>

APA Citation:

Grose, C. R. and Russell, C. A. , 2009-01-07 "The Social Costs of Voting in Public: A Field Experiment of Voter Turnout in the 2008 Iowa Caucus" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Hotel Intercontinental, New Orleans, LA Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2010-01-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p283184_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Does voting in public increase or depress turnout? We present a theory of the effect of social pressure on voter turnout, arguing that both social costs and social benefits can affect individual behavior. We test our theory by conducting a randomized field experiment during the 2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucus, sending mailers to registered Democrats suggesting different reasons for voting. We include three treatments: (1) one telling citizens of the date, time, and location of the caucus; (2) one telling citizens the caucus is a public meeting where neighbors and friends will be attending; and (3) one telling citizens that the caucus does not have a secret ballot and that their neighbors and friends will be attending. We find that citizens are more likely to vote when information costs are reduced and when they are told the caucus is a public meeting. However, we find that turnout is reduced when citizens are told their vote choices must be revealed to their neighbors. To our knowledge, this is the first field experiment where a treatment has resulted in suppression of the vote relative to other treatment effects. These findings provide insights into individual behavior in a social context, a rejection of one explanation for heavy voter turnout in 19th century America, and practical insights for campaigns interested in mobilizing voters to presidential caucuses.

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Document Type: application/pdf
Page count: 38
Word count: 14993
Text sample:
Avoiding the Vote: A Theory and Field Experiment of the Social Costs of Public Political Participation Christian R. Grose* Carrie A. Russell Vanderbilt University Department of Political Science VU Station B#351817 Nashville TN 37235-1817 615-322-6222 christian.grose@vanderbilt.edu carrie.archie@vanderbilt.edu Abstract: Citizen vote choice in modern democracies is almost always a private act yet the act of turning out to vote is a social and public activity. Does voting in public increase or depress turnout? We present a theory of the effect
sample. The total sample size is 460 voters; for each variable the mean value is not significantly different from the other means in each group. While not displayed we estimated the models presented in Table 2 of the text including the variables displayed in this appendix as covariates and these results were consistent with the results in Table 2. † These data are the total number of the last six previous elections (general primary and other) in which the


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