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Empowered or Oppressed? Female Combatants in the Colombian Guerrilla: The Case of the Revolutionary Armed Forced of Colombia - FARC

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Abstract:

As is traditional in leftist Latin American rebel organizations, the main Colombian guerrilla movements – the National Liberation Army (ELN) and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) – have important rates of female members. Estimated to between thirty and forty percent of the membership of these armed non-state actors (ANSAs), women have reached the level of commanders, but failed to reach the top. In spite of this important participation, women and gender issues are often excluded from the analysis of armed conflict and ANSAs. Existing studies that do include women combatants often portray the issue in a dichotomous way, suggesting that they are either more ‘empowered’ than women in Colombian society in general, or that they are as oppressed – or more – than the average Colombian woman. Using a combination of field research and literature review, this paper outlines a way out of this binary understanding, by illustrating the complex and contradictory realities of women combatants in Colombia. Through a gender analysis of their roles and the reasons for women and girls to join the FARC, as well as of sexuality and relations in the group, we undertake a mapping of the complex gendered power relations this ANSAs. This analysis could contribute to a basis for gender-sensitive policy-making in the area of conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction.

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farc (236), women (185), de (158), femal (93), n (91), colombia (89), combat (88), la (86), las (83), girl (75), gender (72), en (63), sexual (63), violenc (61), exampl (61), arm (59), mujer (58), conflict (58), also (54), forc (52), los (47),

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female combatants, gender, armed conflict, Colombia, FARC
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Name: ISA's 50th ANNUAL CONVENTION "EXPLORING THE PAST, ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE"
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MLA Citation:

Kunz, Rahel. and Sjoberg, Ann-Kristin. "Empowered or Oppressed? Female Combatants in the Colombian Guerrilla: The Case of the Revolutionary Armed Forced of Colombia - FARC" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 50th ANNUAL CONVENTION "EXPLORING THE PAST, ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE", New York Marriott Marquis, NEW YORK CITY, NY, USA, Feb 15, 2009 <Not Available>. 2010-06-06 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p310466_index.html>

APA Citation:

Kunz, R. and Sjoberg, A. , 2009-02-15 "Empowered or Oppressed? Female Combatants in the Colombian Guerrilla: The Case of the Revolutionary Armed Forced of Colombia - FARC" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 50th ANNUAL CONVENTION "EXPLORING THE PAST, ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE", New York Marriott Marquis, NEW YORK CITY, NY, USA Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2010-06-06 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p310466_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: As is traditional in leftist Latin American rebel organizations, the main Colombian guerrilla movements – the National Liberation Army (ELN) and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) – have important rates of female members. Estimated to between thirty and forty percent of the membership of these armed non-state actors (ANSAs), women have reached the level of commanders, but failed to reach the top. In spite of this important participation, women and gender issues are often excluded from the analysis of armed conflict and ANSAs. Existing studies that do include women combatants often portray the issue in a dichotomous way, suggesting that they are either more ‘empowered’ than women in Colombian society in general, or that they are as oppressed – or more – than the average Colombian woman. Using a combination of field research and literature review, this paper outlines a way out of this binary understanding, by illustrating the complex and contradictory realities of women combatants in Colombia. Through a gender analysis of their roles and the reasons for women and girls to join the FARC, as well as of sexuality and relations in the group, we undertake a mapping of the complex gendered power relations this ANSAs. This analysis could contribute to a basis for gender-sensitive policy-making in the area of conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction.

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Associated Document Available Political Research Online
Associated Document Available ISA's 50th ANNUAL CONVENTION "EXPLORING THE PAST, ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE"

Document Type: application/pdf
Page count: 34
Word count: 22257
Text sample:
Empowered or Oppressed? Female Combatants in the Colombian Guerrilla: The Case of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - FARC - DRAFT PAPER PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE WITHOUT THE AUTHORS’ PERMISSION - Paper Prepared for the Annual Convention of the International Studies Association New York 15-18 February 2009 Rahel Kunz University of Lucerne Lucerne Switzerland Rahel.Kunz@unilu.ch Ann-Kristin Sjöberg Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Geneva Anki_Sjoeberg@gmail.com Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction........................................................................................................ 2 2. Literature on Female Combatants....................................................................
to new forms of oppression. Hence arguing an either-or outcome does not make sense and does not accurately represent female combatants’ situations. On the contrary it is crucial to examine the different factors that influence the situation of female combatants such as the geographical location of the section the commander’s attitude the section’s communication with the FARC hierarchy the reason for joining the organization etc. us like this. Both the commanders and the foot soldiers. We put on make-up


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