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China's Energy Security in Historical Perspective: Natural Resources and the Rise of the United States, Japan, and China |
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Abstract:
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Growing demand for natural resources has become an issue of primary importance in China's foreign policy, and has led many observers to argue that conflict with the United States and other states in Asia is growing more likely. This paper evaluates the historical record on that question: under what circumstances have the resource needs of previous rising powers led to conflict with other states? I propose two independent variables: the ability to extract natural resources at home and the openness of the international trade system. In cases where the rising power has a large domestic resource base, and can supplement domestic production with easy access to foreign resources through trade, rising powers are less likely to generate conflict. In situations where the rising power has a limited resource base at home and the international trade system is closed, on the other hand, are more likely to lead to war. The paper evaluates three cases. For the United States in the late 19th century, massive domestic reserves and the first great era of globalization led to a “peaceful” rise. For Japan in the 1930s, an extremely poor resource base and rising trade barriers contributed to conflict. Finally, the paper turns its attention to China and argues that this important contemporary case more closely resembles the rise of the United States than that of Japan. China’s domestic resource base remains quite large, and the international trade system is unprecedented in its level of openness. |
Most Common Document Word Stems:
state (220), unit (160), trade (136), japan (125), price (101), resourc (97), rise (92), china (84), war (72), industri (71), world (71), interest (68), american (63), britain (62), power (61), canada (54), product (51), centuri (50), us (49), system (48), new (44), |
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China, Japan, United States, energy security, natural resources, international trade, prices |
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Name: ISA's 50th ANNUAL CONVENTION "EXPLORING THE PAST, ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE"
URL: http://www.isanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Liebman, Alex. "China's Energy Security in Historical Perspective: Natural Resources and the Rise of the United States, Japan, and China" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 50th ANNUAL CONVENTION "EXPLORING THE PAST, ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE", New York Marriott Marquis, NEW YORK CITY, NY, USA, Feb 15, 2009 <Not Available>. 2009-11-04 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p313280_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Liebman, A. G. , 2009-02-15 "China's Energy Security in Historical Perspective: Natural Resources and the Rise of the United States, Japan, and China" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 50th ANNUAL CONVENTION "EXPLORING THE PAST, ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE", New York Marriott Marquis, NEW YORK CITY, NY, USA Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2009-11-04 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p313280_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Growing demand for natural resources has become an issue of primary importance in China's foreign policy, and has led many observers to argue that conflict with the United States and other states in Asia is growing more likely. This paper evaluates the historical record on that question: under what circumstances have the resource needs of previous rising powers led to conflict with other states? I propose two independent variables: the ability to extract natural resources at home and the openness of the international trade system. In cases where the rising power has a large domestic resource base, and can supplement domestic production with easy access to foreign resources through trade, rising powers are less likely to generate conflict. In situations where the rising power has a limited resource base at home and the international trade system is closed, on the other hand, are more likely to lead to war. The paper evaluates three cases. For the United States in the late 19th century, massive domestic reserves and the first great era of globalization led to a “peaceful” rise. For Japan in the 1930s, an extremely poor resource base and rising trade barriers contributed to conflict. Finally, the paper turns its attention to China and argues that this important contemporary case more closely resembles the rise of the United States than that of Japan. China’s domestic resource base remains quite large, and the international trade system is unprecedented in its level of openness. |
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| Document Type: |
application/pdf |
| Page count: |
48 |
| Word count: |
22794 |
| Text sample: |
| Alex Liebman Draft: Do Not Cite or Circulate China’s Energy Security in Historical Perspective: Natural Resources and the Rise of the United States Japan and China Alex Liebman PhD Candidate Harvard University Department of Government Prepared for delivery at the 2009 Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association February 15-18 2009 Alex Liebman Draft: Do Not Cite or Circulate I. Introduction Why do some power transitions lead to war while others do not? International Relations (IR) theory has put |
| 47 Alex Liebman Draft: Do Not Cite or Circulate Finally I must reiterate that there is still potential for conflict even if China remains in the upper left hand box. While in this chapter I focus explicitly on the new interests generated by rise there is still the tricky question of the interests that predated the period of rise. In China’s case this refers in large part to the PRC’s desire to reunify with Taiwan. This remains a major |
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