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 Pages: 38 pages || Words: 11253 words || 
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1. Traugott, Michael. "The Impact of Voting Systems on Residual Votes, Incomplete Ballots, and Other Measures of Voting Behavior" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois, Apr 07, 2005 <Not Available>. 2009-12-06 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p85149_index.html>
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper looks at the impact of changing voting technology on intended and unintended consequences measured through different forms of voting behavior.

 Pages: 53 pages || Words: 16355 words || 
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2. Traugott, Michael., Hanmer, Michael., Park, Won-ho., Herrnson, Paul., Niemi, Richard., Conrad, Fred. and Bederson, Benjamin. "The Impact of Voting Systems on Residual Votes, Incomplete Ballots, and Other Measures of Voting Behavior" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 <Not Available>. 2009-12-06 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p41481_index.html>
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The number and type of problems experienced in the 2000 presidential election, especially in Florida, initiated a period of shifts toward new technology in order to remedy many of them. This paper presents an interim report on whether intended improvements occurred by the 2004 presidential election, based upon the analysis of two case studies. In Florida, there have been significant changes in voting technology in this period, as county officials made their own decisions about what new equipment to buy. This state represents a “many to many” approach to applying new voting technology. In Michigan, there is a movement toward a single type of new technology (optically scanned ballots). This state represents a “many to few” approach to applying new voting technology. The analysis of voting behavior, performed cross-sectionally and over time in terms of places that did or did not change their technology, shows considerable improvement in both states, measured as a reduction in residual votes, with little impact on patterns of “roll off,” party loyalty, or straight and split-ticket voting. The analysis also suggests that residual voting was repeated between 2000 and 2004, and it may have had a partisan bias that resulted in more Democratic than Republican votes lost. The use of new technology is reducing that difference, although better data are needed to assess whether the changes differ by specific components such as overvotes, undervotes, or blank ballots. The approach used in this paper is model for additional research in other locations, as it sets out appropriate measures of key concepts and their measurement, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of available data sources, and applies new statistical methods. Additional work should be devoted to comparisons of optical scan (OS) and direct recording electronic (DRE) machines as they become the dominant voting technologies, and attention should be devoted to analysis of specific models of machines for the impact of their unique features.

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