Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of the latest wave of economic globalization on anti-immigrant and anti-foreigner sentiments with a comprehensive sample of 65 developed and less developed countries. We discern and test two contradictory accounts of the impact of globalization on beliefs and attitudes in the literature. On the one hand, there is the “civilizing/integrative globalization” thesis, which implies that the increasing openness to the global flows of capital, goods, and people should eventually lead to more social and political tolerance among people. On the other hand, there is the “destructive globalization/globalization as a threat” thesis, which perceives globalization as a harmful and unequal process that leads to the sharpening of political and social divides and the rise of intolerance against out-groups. We test these two accounts using a multi-level analysis 96 country-years and over 110,000 individuals, derived from the World Value Surveys, waves 2-4. Our analyses reveal that different dimensions of globalization have contradictory effects. Openness to trade increases anti-immigrant sentiments in a country. In contrast, incoming FDI decreases anti-immigrant sentiments.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: While voluntary decisions and supply-side factors are important in the retirement decision, structural forces and demand-side factors, beyond the control of the individual, play a crucial role in the choice to work or retire. This study seeks to address the structural factors that determine workforce participation among older women and minorities, whose experiences are underrepresented in the literature, by using logistic regression on Public Use Microdata Samples from the Census 2000 Supplementary Survey. The results indicate that: females are less likely to be working than males, Asian females are less likely to be working than White females, and Black males are less likely to be working than White males. This study demonstrates that human capital theory cannot fully explain the differences in labor force participation among females, and Black men. While supply-side policies are useful strategies to improving labor force participation, they do not address the demand-side aspects of the labor market which produce low wages, higher unemployment, and crowded occupations for women and minorities. Instead, the institutions, terms and conditions of work must be changed through litigation, organization, legislation, and evaluation to create jobs and improve the terms and conditions of employment for discriminated against groups.