Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Observers often stress that the current wave of terrorist violence is characterized by three attributes: the religious motivation of its perpetrators, their desire to inflict mass casualties and their use of less hierarchical forms of organization than their predecessors. This study investigates other ways in which the current ?Fourth Wave? of terrorism is distinguishable from previous episodes of the phenomenon during the 20th century. Using data derived from the Schmid and Jongman collection and other sources, the analysis discloses inter alia that contemporary terrorist organizations are less ideologically heterogeneous, less numerous and more autonomous ( from state sponsors, political parties and other violent organizations) than groups formed during the 1960s and 1970s.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper provides an analytical overview, with concrete empirical examples, of the construction of power-knowledge networks by US foundations ? Ford, Rockefeller, Carnegie, German Marshall Fund of the US ? during the past century. It argues that the construction of national and global power-knowledge networks ? of academics, universities and research institutes within the US and between American and foreign academics and institutions ? constitutes the foundations? principal achievement. Rather than being the basis of poverty alleviation, economic development per se, or of crop yield improvements, etc?, this paper suggests that power-knowledge networks? main achievement is their own self-perpetuation for the continued production of particular kinds of knowledge by specific modernizing knowledge elites that are integrated into national and global networks favouring western/American ?modernisation? or neo-liberal ?globalisation? strategies. Those knowledge elites are fostered, developed and consolidated by foundation investments, integrated into national, regional and global institutional and foundation networks, and thereby provided intellectual employment, career progression and assimilation into western/American modernising or globalizing culture. This represents a foundation-sponsored ? though with close US state cooperation, advice and assistance ? programme for elite-led, top-down economic and political development that broadly constrains nationalist aspirations by engineering national elites, societies and economic-political strategies. The net result of such engineered power-knowledge networks is the continuation of global economic, financial and political inequalities and ?third world? dependence. This conclusion squares with the foundations? own conclusions that though they have generally failed to alleviate poverty and increase living standards for the African, Asian and Latin American masses, they have been spectacularly successful in creating lasting self-perpetuating power-knowledge networks.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Jin-Ha Kim, University of Chicago

Genealogy of the Family States: Japanese Colonial (1910-1945) Legacies for the Construction of the North Korean Conscription Society

This paper explores the origins of the North Korean conscription state (circ. 1945 – 1974). It argues that the colonial legacies of hypernationalist ideoligization and institutional transplantation of the Japanese ‘Family State’ (kazoku kokka, 家族國家) are decisively important for the Construction of the North Korean Conscription Society. Today’s North Korean state is an isomorphic reincarnation of the Japanese colonial regime. To compete with alternatives, it employs a longitudinal and genealogical approach to evidence the salient institutional affinity between Japanese genesis and northern replica, accompanied by historical explanations of the mode of reception.

State-builders in real politics prefer ‘bequests’ to ‘transformations’ because institutional succession is usually less costly and more efficacious. The North Korean regime and Japanese empire (circ. 1931 – 1945) shared a morphological similarity in that both routinized wartime measures of total mobilization into everyday institutions. The contemporary North Korean state retains the spirit of kazoku kokka from the colonial past, the essence of which is an analogical extension to the whole society and state of aesthetic and affectual properties. These qualities are associated with the naturalized institution of the family as a sacristy of virtues including filial piety, patriarchal benevolence, self-sacrificing fraternity, etc. Mystified family values are nationalized to legitimate the state-led mobilization of man and things. In the Family States, this tends to glorify the monopoly of sanctified state authority by the most holy patriarch as head of the nation-family. This family spirit is supposed to be eternally transmigrated, as instanced in the following texts:

Kim Il-Sung, as the ‘Sun of our Nation and Nine Stars of Fatherland Unification’ (Socialist Constitution, 1998), together with his son, Kim Chong-Il, the current ‘Dear Leader’, have multiplied in altered form most of these self-same institutions, which are praised as self-reliant national possessions. Their finality is revealed today in the garrison state with a specific modern version of patrimonial-autarchic economy.

Supporting Publications:
Supporting Document
Supporting Document
Supporting Document

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Prior to the proliferation of radio broadcasting in the 1920s, the technology of wireless communication was used for a variety of purposes. This study relies upon social construction theories of technology to examine the decade immediately preceding the birth of broadcasting, a period dubbed “radio’s pre- history,” and focuses on two wireless telegraph stations operated by Wanamaker’s department store. The previous historical record for these operations is vague and inconclusive. The goal of this research is to clarify the historical record, and also to illustrate how these stations functioned as precedents for later uses of electronic media.

Publication Type: Poster
Abstract: During World War I, the United States faced severe shortages in synthetic dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and high explosives—chemicals manufactured almost entirely in Germany prior to 1914. In the xenophobic, charged atmosphere during and after the war, American industrialists and government officials attempted to foster the growth of a domestic industry through policies that included protectionism, war mobilization, and confiscation of German chemical property in the United States. In Germany, the Americans found their wartime enemy, an imposing economic rival, and a model of a successful industry to emulate.

Because Germany was so closely identified with synthetic organic chemicals, Americans working to build a domestic industry portrayed their efforts as patriotic, and the infant domestic industry received unusual political support. While creating a fertile economy for developing the industry, however, the policies could do little to help American manufacturers and scientists overcome the Germans’ 40-year accumulation of technical know-how and expertise. This story shows the struggles of a nation with an underdeveloped economic sector trying to catch up with a nation with a powerful head start in this “high tech” sector of the late 1800s and early 1900s. One also sees in this story the deliberate steps American policymakers took to break the pre-war global network in synthetic dyes and pharmaceuticals; they consciously embraced autarky and isolationism as they faced the postwar world.