Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Although the field of international relations was taught and narrowly researched in the pre-revolutionary period in Iran but it was in the post-revolutionary era that IR evolved into a more or less independent field of study. Political scientists in Iran have traditionally been interested in political theory, history and political geography. There are two basic reasons for this tendency. First, Iranian mind tends toward idealism and abstractions and second, most political scientists teaching in Iran are European educated. As the field of IR reached greater theoretical sophistication in the early 1980s and a vast body of literature became available, and also as Iranians became far more interested in their country's foreign relations in the aftermath of the revolution, the field of international relations has become of great interest to both students of politics as well as the average citizen. Compared to two decades ago, extensive translated and authored IR literature exits in Farsi today. There are a number of limitations to the enrichment of IR, however. Among them, inadequate knowledge of the English language by the educated, inaccessibility of the student body to the American/Western educational system, traditional attitudes toward Iranian national sovereignty, deep divisions among top elites regarding the nature of the international system and scarce opportunities for employment in the field of IR.

Publication Type: Presentation Proposal
Abstract: Find out about EETAP's major achievements in six strategic areas. Presenters will highlight work in state capacity building, the National Project for Excellence in Environmental Education, pre-service education, EE certification, working with diverse audiences, and using technology to advance EE.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Why do we observe economic sanctions despite strong doubts regarding their effectiveness? I investigate the symbolic use of sanctions for domestic political gains, assessing the effect of sanctions imposition on US presidential approval ratings.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This session describes an innovative online project in which a group of novice teachers are mentored collectively by master teachers, crossing boundaries of geography, time, subject area, and grade level.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: How do local actors and institutions accommodate the reallocation of scarce resources and changes in political ideologies that characterize the neoliberal shift in community development policy? Using an ecology of games framework, we examine this process in a a small mid-Atlantic city, focusing our attention to its most economically distressed neighborhood. We describe the perpetuation of this neighborhood’s stigma by local newspaper and police; examine the decline of collective mobilization among activist-led nonprofits; track cohort shifts in individual uses of neighborhood; follow the exceptional “success” of one nonprofit affordable housing developer; and explain how local elites take credit for this nonprofit’s success. We conclude that individual and institutional adjustments to shrinking resources create an opportunity in which local actors and institutions vying for rewards (both national and local) can discursively connect their efforts to the legitimacy of neoliberal projects at large. This connection is historically contingent, motivated by self- and institutional interest, and quite often unsuccessful; however, the material and discursive inertia of individualization frames make challenges to the efforts of “neoliberal opportunists” unlikely.