Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: The study examined the participatory tools used by the WIA unit of the ADP in powering an Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria. It also assessed the perception of the agricultural extension agents of the WIA unit in the use of these tools. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 60 percent of extension agents in the Women–In-Agriculture unit from three out of the five geo-political zones Nigeria. A total of 120 extension agents were selected. A structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents and data was analyzed using chi-square and PPMC. Results show that most of WIA extension agents use some participatory tools such as focus group discussion, daily activity charts and in-depth interviews. Sources of information identified by the extension agents include their quarterly meetings, journals, and the internet. The problems encountered by the WIA extension agents include an insufficient number of extension agents to attend to women involved in WIA programmes and language barriers, where interpretation is necessary. It is therefore recommended that extension agents of the WIA unit be trained in the use of participatory tools to enhance the training of women to empower their income-generating capabilities.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The findings of the broad body of work on interstate disputes reinforce the assumption that conflict and cooperation occurring between pairs of states is a time-dependent process that varies depending on the type of issue that is involved in a particular

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: A State Program Attempt to Change Agriculture:
Kentucky’s Agriculture Development Fund

Richard C. Maurer and Craig L. Infanger
University of Kentucky


ABSTRACT

In 1998, the Attorneys General of nearly every state in the U.S. reached an agreement with the five largest tobacco companies to settle a law suit aimed at the health costs paid by the states as a result of tobacco smoking. The states involved received over $200 billion to be paid over 25 years, beginning in 2000.

This Master Settlement Agreement was particularly noted in Kentucky because of the prominence of tobacco in the state’s agriculture production and income. Kentucky passed state legislation for the use of these Master Settlement Agreement funds. One-fourth was designated for early childhood development programs, one-fourth for tobacco cessation and research programs, and one-half was designated for the state’s agricultural industry to facilitate the transition away from tobacco and tobacco production. This designation of MSA funds for agriculture is unique among all of the states that received MSA funds.

To oversee decisions on spending the funds, the state legislation specified the formation of the Kentucky Agricultural Development Board, representing the state’s congressional districts and other positional leaders in agriculture in the state. In 2000, the Kentucky Governor established the Governor’s Office of Agricultural Policy to administer the agricultural development funds. Both the Board and the Governor’s office have been operating ever since, spending these agricultural development funds on a wide range of projects, both grants and loans, aimed at replacing tobacco income and transitioning Kentucky agriculture away from tobacco production.

As part of a University of Kentucky project to evaluate the impacts of agricultural development fund projects, a model was developed to compare the project impacts with the stated goals and objectives of the Agricultural Development Board. This model will be presented in the paper, along with other issues that have arisen in this unique attempt to modify the historical base of Kentucky agriculture.

Publication Type: Poster
Abstract: The adolescent of emotional intelligence can be defined as the capacity to process emotional information, accurately and efficiently including that relevant to the recognition and management of emotion in oneself and others. It contributes to deal with stress, adapt the social life and increase a quality of life. The ability of regulate and manage emotion is continuing affects after the adult and it is related to positive out comes, the capacity to carry out problems and the perceived skill of interpersonal relationships in adult. This study is compared with levels of emotional intelligence difference between agriculture participants and urbanite adolescent of agricultural nonparticipants with urbanite adolescent. We found that to percieve emotion and express emotion were statistically significant in five emotional intelligence items. 85.4% of the agriculture participants polled said the agriculture participation was able to be a chance to learn and understand an agriculture and rural. 72.8% of the agriculture participants polled said the image of a rural was changing positively after agriculture experience. More opportunity is needed to experience agriculture for urbanite adolescent. Therefore the opportunity which understand the agriculture and rural for urbanite adolescent should be expanded widely through the agriculture experience.