Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In the present study, researchers seek to examine how levels of anticipatory public speaking trait anxiety influence levels of speaker performance anxiety in each of four milestones. It is hypothesized that high anticipatory trait speakers will report higher levels of state anxiety at each of the four narrow-banded milestones, anticipation, confrontation, adaptation and release. The findings reveal support for these hypotheses.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: In the Post-Cold-War world new types of wars have emerged and classic notions of sovereignty are being redefined. Wars to deal with humanitarian crises have posed a particular challenge. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has taken the lead in this debate, arguing that "state sovereignty is being redefined by the forces of globalization and international cooperation." The report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, submitted to the UN, has taken the lead in responding to the challenge of humanitarian crises, offering up the notion of the "responsibility to protect." Many developing countries, especially led by China on the UN Security Council, have taken a skeptical view of any moves to depreciate sovereignty. The world is left with an inconsistent often adhoc response to humanitarian crises. Is the phenomenon of ‘moral interventionism’ a call for the recognition of human rights regimes or is it little more than a new form of power politics? Does the capacity of veto-welding permanent members of the UN Security Council, such as China, to block decisive UN action risk that body being marginalized? Do the expansive notions of intervention in the name of fighting terrorism or preemptive self-defense pose a greater risk to the emerging regime? What are the concerns of reluctant intervenors and is there a way around these concerns? This paper will argue that a regime is emerging in spite of these obstacles. This regime will likely include more and more regional and global initiatives in defining expectations respecting governance and the consequence of failure reflected in humanitarian crises.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In this paper, we focus on citizens’ emotional reactions to address a puzzle in Dutch politics, namely the mechanism on the basis of which voters decide on their vote preferences. There is an ongoing debate in the Netherlands on the relative role of candidate considerations for vote preferences, and the significance of party oriented voting (van Wijnen 2000; Aarts 2001; van Holsteyn and Irwin 2003). The theory of affective intelligence provides the theoretical framework to explain the role of affective dynamics in regulating the use of partisan considerations and habitual voting versus the use of campaign relevant information such as candidate characteristics. When anxiety is absent voters automatically rely on previously learned routines and party identification as a determinant of vote choice, but under conditions of uncertainty and increased anxiety citizens abandon partisanship and ideology and rely more on issue choice and candidate characteristics. We show that the theory of affective intelligence explains electoral behavior also in a parliamentary democracy based on coalition government. We find that the emotional reactions of Dutch voters towards their leaders can point to the conditions under which party heuristics versus candidate preferences determine party evaluations.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Objectives. This study hypothesized that chronic stressors associated with an everyday social role (work) would interact with a traumatic macrostressor (9/11/01) in predicting mental health. Methods. Mail surveys were returned at wave 3 of a workplace cohort study, in some cases before and in others after 9/ll/01. Questionnaires assessed decision latitude, sexual harassment, generalized workplace abuse, distress and drinking. Regression analyses addressed the main effect of 9/11 and interactions between 9/11 and work stressors, controlling for baseline mental health.

Results. The main effect of 9/11 on elevated drinking was significant for women but not men. For women, work stressors significantly interacted with experiencing 9/ll for drinking and anxiety outcomes.

Conclusions. Women experiencing chronic work stressors were most vulnerable to elevated distress and drinking after 9/11.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: "Strict Scrutiny" is a key concept in First Amendment law. It developed, however, in the context of racial equal protection, from an almost offhand locution by Justice Black in KOREMATSU. The ever-protean Justice Brennan imported it into the speech context and then made an attempt to export it as well into free-exercise doctrine. This attempt created a major confrontation when Justice Scalia attempted to halt it in EMPLOYMENT DIVISION V. SMITH. The central anxiety surrounding efforts to use strict scrutiny in new contexts seems to be the old concept in the Gilbert & Sullivan song, "If everybody's somebody, nobody's anybody!" If rights receive too much protection in too many contexts then there will be nothing left of judicial review. My paper will trace the evolution of the concept from its importation up to an beyond SMITH.