Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This roundtable provides a forum for discussion on Mathieu Deflem’s Policing World Society: Historical Foundations of International Police Cooperation (Oxford University Press, 2002). The book’s author is exposed to the learned feedback from students who are at various stages of completion towards their dissertation. As Deflem’s book is also a reworking of his dissertation, the roundtable will serve as the starting point for both scholarly as well as professional themes of discussion.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the role of expertise in Weber’s typology of legitimate domination. I do this by further developing what Parsons’ suggested to be a fourth pure type to be added to Weber’s typology, namely, “professional authority.” This fourth pure type of authority is defined by its claims of substantive rationality, in contrast to the formal rationality which sustains legal authority. As a corollary of this typology–and analogue to Weber’s definition of “democratic authority” as a transformation of “charismatic authority” in the direction of “legal authority”–I suggest an understanding of “technocratic authority” as a rationalization of “charismatic authority” in the direction of “professional authority.”

Publication Type: Poster
Abstract: Since the beginning of efforts to build peace in Afghanistan and Iraq by promoting a stable state and ‘good’ governance structures, the critical role of ‘traditional authority’ (TA) has been increasingly recognized. The breakdown of legal-rational state structures in these postwar societies has strengthened the sovereignty of still existing TA structures. In particular, the negative consequences that arise out of structural and normative differences with state authorities, other local authorities and international actors have come into focus. Yet, not only the use of force has brought TA to a dominant role in conflict-torn societies, but also the distribution of rule, security and the supply of material needs to society. TA structures are thus able to play an important role in rebuilding peace and a society. Consequently, traditional actors and institutions, their motives and concerns, as well as their ways of conducting violent conflict add an important dimension to peace research. This paper explores the critical role of TA structures, the chances and risks of incorporating TA into a peace-building concept.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Traditionally, the legitimate authority principle (also termed the proper or right or competent authority principle) mandates that interstate wars must be authorized and declared by rulers of states. This paper explores how the principle might be generalized, so as to be applicable to all forms of armed conflict. Some of the questions to be considered are as follows. Why should a just war theory include a legitimate authority principle? How should the principle be applicable to uses of military force by nonstate actors -- e.g., terrorist groups and private military organizations? In addition to mandating that uses of military force must be authorized or endorsed by apposite leaders, should the principle mandate that uses of military force must be controlled or regulated by them? In light of the UN Charter, should the primary locus of legitimate authority be the Security Council?

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Rousseau's attitude toward authority has taken a backseat to his conception of freedom. Judith Shklar is a most striking exception to this rule. Her treatment of Rousseau's "Images of Authority," in Men and Citizens, paints a rather illiberal picture, and yet she persistently asserts Rousseau's relevance to the liberal cause. This paper rejects Shklar's portrait of Rousseau as a skeptical utopian but affirms his relevance to liberal political thought. Rousseau requires us to consider questions of moral psychology to arrive at a subject, a moral agent, capable of exercising freedom. Political freedom cannot be relegated to matters of constitutions, institutions, or regimes alone, according to Rousseau, but instead depends on decidedly illiberal authority relations as a precondition for any civil freedom at all. To exercise freedom, man's weak individual will must become strong. Achieving moral and political autonomy required a remedy for the will in "liberating authorities." This paper focuses on Emile and its unfinished sequel, Emile et Sophie. Primarily through the relationship between Emile and his tutor, I outline Rousseau's conception of liberating authority and the obstacles to freedom it aims to surmount. While the costs of Rousseau's solutions may be too high, Rousseau nonetheless poses questions liberals must also confront.