Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Though the concept of place manager has been found to be a useful addition to understanding the routine activities of places, there has been little development of how place managers’ activities influence crime. That is, there is no theory of place management. This paper focuses a population of public drinking establishments in Cincinnati, Ohio. Using data from interviews of bar owners and employees, as well as site observations, we examine how the activities of owners and their employees influence deviant activities in and near these places. We then develop a theory of place management that may have applications to other types of places.

Publication Type: Poster Sessions
Abstract: Play is the medium for learning in early childhood. As play becomes more sociodramatic, a child learns the skills required to live in society. Is nature a place the promotes more complex play in early childhood?

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: For the most part, the quality of child care in the U.S. is more custodial than developmental. Staff turnover is high and education levels are low. We know that professionalization of teachers makes a big difference in outcomes for children. The question is how we get from the current workforce to one that provides developmentally focused care.
This paper analyzes approaches states are taking to improve the quality of their child care workforces. Most states are taking a minimalist approach. A couple of states have strict requirements. New Jersey has acted more drastically than any other state. In 1998, New Jersey’s Supreme Court ruled in Abbott vs. Burke that children in the state's 30 poorest school districts required high-quality preschool to enter school ready to learn. Another ruling in 2000 required childcare teachers in Abbott districts to earn a bachelor's degree and early childhood certification within four years.
I examine these and other approaches to identify pathways to improving the quality of care while allowing advancement opportunities for the current labor force that increase their pay as they acquire credentials. I conclude that strategies that build career ladders with clearly identified credentials and corresponding pay increases for achieving them are the most effective. There are several ways to implement career ladders, but both state child care and education institutions have to work together to create system change.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: As the legal market in England and Wales becomes ever more complicated, so the work of the junior Bar has become more specialised and more demanding. Drawing on surveys of the junior Bar since the late 1980s up to 2002, the paper will examine these trends and their implications for training, continuing education, life at the Bar and the legal professions. The most recent survey in 2002, because it followed all those called to the Bar in 1998, also allows us to follow the early career progression of some barristers into employment and other legal work, as well as the more traditional route to private practice.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper will begin with a short description of the war on class actions – the decades-long effort by legislators, lobbyists and business groups to condemn the class action as a tool of self-interested plaintiffs’ lawyers. I will then describe the relative success of this war, both in transforming public opinion about the meaning and legitimacy of class action practice, and in producing actual legislation and judicial policy at the federal and state level purporting to “regulate” class actions and the lawyers who bring them. Among other things, I will focus on the Class Action Fairness Act of 2006 the recent Second Circuit decision in In Re IPO Securities Litig., -- F3d --, 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 29859, (2d Cir. Dec. 5, 2006) as examples of a radically changed post-war legal environment. Finally, this paper will begin a discourse on how the inhabitants of this new environment – plaintiffs’ lawyers, defense counsel, judges, interest groups -- will adapt to these changes and whether the law might be better or worse for their efforts.