Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Most discussions of a basic income or a stake have little to say about democracy. A "basic income" is a regular sum paid by a government to individuals over an adult life-time; "basic capital" is a one-time grant from a government to individuals at, say, age 21. In both cases the payment is unconditional. If democratization, freedom as self-government, and women's freedom are the focus, then a basic income is to be preferred to a stake. This is because a basic income, at a level sufficient for a modest but decent standard of life, has the potential to break the link between income, marriage, employment and citizenship. Feminist objections to a basic income are considered. Basic income is compared to universal suffrage and discussed as a fundamental or a democratic right.
In the two best known discussions, by Van Parijs, Freedom For All, and Ackerman and Alstott, The Stakkeholding Society, a conception of freedom as opportunity hinders an appreciation of the mutual reinforcement of the institutions of marriage and employment. In Van Parijs' case use of neo-classical economic theory makes it impossible to analyze institutional structures. Freedom as opportunity brings the problem of paternalism to the fore. From a perspective of democratization and self-government the problem is rather how the necessary security can be furnished to enable women and men alike, at any time in their lives, to enjoy citizenship of equal worth and full standing, and participate when they wish in the life of their society.

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the first year Pharm.D. Students’ responses by administering a comparative pre and post-course concepts/topics assessment survey. Each survey contains basic questions on the current and prior understanding of the new concepts/topics taught in a pharmaceutics core course. To compare with the data collected from a previous year assessment survey.
Methods: A pre and post course assessment surveys was administered at the beginning and end of the course, respectively. Students were asked to select the most appropriate answer from the five choices, strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree and strongly disagree. The pre-and post course assessment surveys were designed to collect the students views on the following: course content, clarity of the presentation, answer students questions effectively, availability of the instructor outside of class and the interactive classroom environment. The course content questions were focused on their understanding of course topics. The following topics form the basis of the physical pharmacy course. Some topics covered include: chemical kinetics, plotting of data on a graph paper, understanding of the acidic–basic nature of a drug and the importance of the solubility factor in pre-formulation process.
Results: The results of each assessment surveys are evaluated. The results suggest that the students gained knowledge in all areas, particularly abundantly in previously less well-understood course concepts/topics. Survey statistics are awaited
Implications: The assessment survey outcome will help the course instructor in designing, preparing, planning, organizing, and delivering the course material. The comparison results of the assessment survey will enable instructor to better meet the needs of the future students. Based on the assessment survey results, the course instructor can lay down a strong foundation of the course next time.

Publication Type: Proceeding

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Although social processes of control have served as fundamental building blocks for several important sociological theories, control processes per se have received little theoretical attention. This study presents results from a series of computer simulations using a cybernetic model of individual behavior to analyze the social interaction patterns that emerge in simple control processes. Among the principles of control uncovered is the finding that agents controlling only their own perceptions can jointly stabilize an environmental variable without any prior agreement on goals, and even when their goals conflict. The study concludes with a discussion of the different types of control processes to which these principles may apply.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: It is proposed in this paper that 'basic access' as a foundation principle provides a coherent framework for analyzing and comprehending the origins, context, process, and outcomes of Uganda’s Rural Communications Development Policy. Secondly, it is also proposed that the most constructive way to analyze a communications policy is to unpack the logic behind it. Thus, when that logic has been ascertained, it becomes the framework within which the constituent features and underlying values of a policy can be specified, evaluated, and integrated. These propositions are made, defended, and critiqued on the basis of the assumptions often invoked to promote and justify investment in telecommunications as well as information and communication technology (ICT) in developing countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa.