Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: An Internet survey of publishers and online editors found that growth of the Internet newspaper yielded a slightly negative effect on print newspapers' circulation. The findings suggest that the smaller the newspaper, the larger effect the Internet newspapers had on the print newspapers. Small and medium-sized print newspapers showed obvious decreasing circulation since 1990 while the declining trend was not evident for large newspapers. The readership of the Internet newspaper had been considerably growing since 1995. However, scale of the circulation decline of print newspapers did not show evident replacing effect of the Internet newspapers. About half of the publishers and online editors did not regard the Internet newspaper as a major factor that reduced readership of print newspapers.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Paid dailies in Western Europe and Northern America have seen their circulation decline in the last decade. During the same period free daily newspapers have seen their circulation go up to more than 30 million. In this paper the relation between the two developments is studied in 14 European markets. Circulation development before and after the introduction of free papers was compared. Also data from countries without free papers were used to assess whether non-free dallies markets also suffered. Media substitution, however, seems to be modest at least. Other factors may be more important causes for the decline in paid newspaper circulation. Long term effects, however, are not yet clear.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: IR's relationship to policy is at stake again. The issue was absent from IR’s agenda during the second debate and the “technocratic” disappointment after the Vietnam War, but a small but growing body of literature has been addressing the topic since the 1990s. The paper argues that the discussion of the science-policy nexus of IR so far has focussed too narrowly on questions of knowledge transfer and on the impact of IR on policy. In opposition to both positions that postulate the existence of a widening gap between IR and policy, and post-modern positions that seek to eliminate any cultural difference between IR and policy, we propose a network model of IR's science-policy nexus. In the knowledge society, IR and other sciences should be seen as “epistemic cultures” constituted by a variety of practices that are linked to policymakers and other social actors. By drawing on recent insights of practice theory and the concepts of theorists of the Cultural Studies of Scientific Knowledge such as Bruno Latour we first identify the basic practices of IR and their relationship to policy. Second, we set up an analytic framework by which these practices can be studied. We claim that the relevance and impact of IR and any gap that might exist between IR and policy should be empirically investigated before prescriptive conclusions for IR can be drawn. The central task of the reflective IR practitioner therefore not as to avoid or to bridge a gap, but to carefully balance his practices.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: There has been a significant rise of the ‘service class’ worldwide today, which has been driven partly by the global significance of tourism. Today, Hong Kong’s service-oriented economy and vast consumer culture continue to accelerate in the age of rapid socio-economic integration into the Pearl River Delta region (PRD), resulting in a dynamic cultural belt. This paper focuses on tourist service providers as special ‘agents of cultural circulation’ whose occupations, work routines, cultural knowledge, social discourses, and self-identities are situated between the production and consumption of tourism, between supply and demand, ‘the cultural’ and ‘the economic.’ It explores their significant role as ‘cultural intermediaries’ defined as a unique class of creative practitioners involved chiefly in the provision of symbolic goods and services.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Several key topics are discussed in the report: the economic and social context of the skilled labor force circulation with the post-Soviet area; factors that determine migrants’ choice of a state of immigration; employment patterns of the highly skilled labor from CIS countries in Russia, their wages and scope of their remittances; the role of educational migration; social, cultural and institutional aspects of immigrants-intellectuals’ integration in Russia. Fragmentation of the post-Soviet area along the North-South line defines various patterns of the highly skilled labor’s movements that can be described as the brain drain and the brain circulation. Within limits of the North brain circulation predominates while the brain drain is specific for the North-South dimension. Decrease of differentiation among standards of living in a donor state and the recipient state is the decisive factor of transition from the brain drain to the brain circulation.The emphasis is made on steams of intellectual immigration from CIS countries to Russia. Coming to conclusion that social and economic development of Russia determines a stable internal demand on highly skilled labor of migrants, the author examines factors that contribute to the explosive growth in intellectuals’ influx into Russia from CIS countries. The author provides am estimate of scopes and spheres of employment, wages and remittances of various categories of intellectual migrants in Russia.Finally, the author analyzes consequences that changes in Russia’s immigration policy transformation in 2007 have for the highly skilled immigrants from CIS countries: implementation of the state program of compatriots’ repatriation, liberalization of access to the Russian labor markets granted to immigrants from CIS countries and of the legal regime of migrants’ staying/residing in Russia. The author concludes that the key link of Russia’s migration policy is to be politics of the highly skilled immigrants’ integration.