Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: How has the issue of climate change been framed in Japan? How has the framing of administrative/political structure influenced policy formulation in Japan? This paper examines the structure and agents in Japan to formulate climate change policies during the UNFCCC/Kyoto Protocol/post-Kyoto process. The Council of Ministers for Global Environmental Conservation in the late 1980s to early 1990s, the Global Warming Prevention Headquarters in the late 1990s, and the relevant advisory councils at the present time are the central structures to be re-examined. The Cabinet, relevant ministries and agencies, NGOs, industries, and the general public are also examined. Special attention will be given to the tensions among the economy, energy and the environment. This paper illustrates the dynamics of development of the structure and the growth of diverse stakeholders in addressing the process of making different ideas into real actions.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Energy security has top priority in policymaking, and is often used by politicians as a rationale for policy changes that also entail greenhouse gas emission reductions. This article investigates systematically the close relationship between energy security and climate change. We discuss the potential for whether U.S. climate policy stands to be altered through calculated policy choices that could both increase energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We find that when energy security and climate change concerns increase in the same time period it may incur changes in power relationships between the actors involved. Under such circumstances will the potential for issue linkage be high and consequently create room for new climate policy programs.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: American states have taken the lead in US climate policy over the past decade, implementing the goals of the Kyoto Protocol in the absence of ratification by the federal government. These developments serve as practical models for post-Kyoto climate policy and have theoretical implications for the treatment of atypical non-state actors in the study of global climate governance. The entrance of sub-national actors into foreign policy, or paradiplomacy, is examined in this study to highlight the international implications of climate policy adoption among the American states. A typology of American state actions is presented, and future options for bottom-up climate policy in the United States are considered.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper examines the complex social justice implications of mitigating global climate change through a multi-level governance solution that consists of international agreements and decisions, regional and national policies, and various sub-national and

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Climate change is often figured in academic and popular discourse alike as a "global" challenge, a threat "beyond borders". Our paper will contend that the social construction of climate change has been produced principally through a discourse concerning territory and territorialisation. This discourse has been one which has simultaneously legitimised climate politics itself, by rendering it intelligible to state elites to whom discourses of state territorial sovereignty are "master discourses", and at the same time limited, shaped, circumscribed the range of possible responses to climate change. The paper will analyse three specific elements in climate policy discourses which serve to structure concrete policy developments, and show how they reterritorialise climate politics in this manner. The first concerns the discourses of "danger" and "opportunity" which attend both climate change itself and (in our view more importantly) policy responses to mitigate emissions. The second concerns discourses surrounding international justice, in particular those of burden sharing, equal per capita emissions, and "contraction and convergence". The third concerns the focus on sinks. All of these act to reframe climate politics in terms of reimposing territorial notions of political space. But at the same time these constructions are contradictory in a variety of ways, and the paper will explore these contradictions.