Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to discuss the extent to which it can be argued that, so far as the British Foreign Office and diplomatic service were concerned, there was anything as coherent as a ‘new diplomacy’. Did the concept only exist on a high poli

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: As paradoxical as it might seem, when Brazilian Government discusses in various forums the topic of South-South integration in South America and the coming benefits, the issue of Defense is much more prominent in the agenda than the issue of Culture. Culture appears only in the presidential discourses made at the presidential summits, or in regional organizations meetings, but merely as an idealist rhetoric. Brazil has not tried yet to establish a cultural diplomacy. In contrast, “military diplomacy” gained in the last years a strong weight in foreign policy, with the Ministry of Defense occupying a very important role in Brazilian Foreign Policy. “Cultural diplomacy”, in contrast, has not deserved an equivalent attention. Culture is the great absent in the agenda of South American summits, and its role in the attempts to bring countries together, bilaterally or through the integration processes such as MERCOSUl or Unasul, has been, so far, neglected.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper analyzes the roles and effects of the natural disasters on conflict resolution and peace efforts on international conflicts. First, it focuses on the creation, maintenance and operationalization of the physical, political and psychological borders. The psychological processes and mechanisms - narcissim of minor differences, enemy images, mirror images, victimization, dehumanization, projection, ethnic identity play important roles on the physical, political and psychological borders borders. The paper asserts that the disaster diplomacy play an important role to eliminate political, physical and psychological barriers. It analyzes how natural disasters create the psychological changes. It also analyzes why disaster diplomacy sometimes fails resolving the conflicts by using Volkan's idea of "accordion effect", "cognitive theories", the consistency principle. Moreover, the paper applies the chaos and complexity theories to explain how natural disasters create a detente in conflict situations, behaviors and attitudes. The conceptual and theoritical framework is used to analyze in the case studies of the earthquake diplomacy (Turkey-Greece, Pakistan-India, Iran-USA, Turkey-Armenia), the tsunami diplomacy (Aceh-Indonisia, Tamil-Sri Lanka, the Hurricane Diplomacy (the USA-Cuba in the Katrina), the Cyclone Diplomacy (the UN-Myanmar).

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study attempts to explore national determinants of world governments� Web public diplomacy interactivity, which presumably promotes effective public diplomacy and international public relations to some extent, by content-analyzing the 191 UN-affiliated countries� public diplomacy Web sites. Based on the result, it is revealed that nation-states� economic scale and level of social freedom are significant determinants of their level of Web public diplomacy interactivity, whereas their political system is not. Implications and suggestions for future studies are presented as well.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The EU’s interaction with the international environment currently takes place at two levels: First, between individual member states and outside interlocutors, mainly through traditional foreign ministries. Second, at the level of the collective of member