Publication Type: POSTER
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study explores the reasons that brought females to work at women’s shelters and their experiences in empowering abused women through shelter work. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 12 peer-referred participants who work at battered women’s shelters in the Midwest of the United States.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Abstract
This is the first quantitative research which examines the empowerment of a sector of Palestinian women who may be considered the most empowered in their society: the activist in the national or the women’s movements. The research employs a survey design on a nonrandom sample of 172 women. Empowerment is measured by indicators which represent first-order strategic life choices. The indicators include access to education, paid employment, agency in household finances, who to marry, how many children to have, freedom of mobility, and egalitarian gender consciousness and behaviors. Depending on the perspective we choose to use to adjudicate the results with, the optimistic or the pessimistic, Palestinian women activists’ empowerment would be judged as high with the former and as low to modest with the latter perspective. The results show that the only indicator of agency impacted by education is women’s equality in the decision-making process of the household’s finances. Work participation has a very small positive impact on all the agency indicators but a negative one on the mobility indicator of agency. Further, neither of the indicators of achievements (gender egalitarian consciousness or behavior) is affected by the resource or agency indicators. The effects of education did not change when the orientation of the social context the women were raised in was controlled for. This questions the interpretation in much of the literature (e.g. Kabeer) regarding the influence the traditional social context has on the pattern of associations between empowerment and its preconditions.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Although international development efforts are often focused on providing short-term assistance, often provided in the form of food aid or monetary donations, development efforts that instead embrace sustainability, structural change, and community a

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed

Publication Type: Traditional Presentation
Abstract: School-based environmental education can reach its fullest potential when it leverages the academic power of service-learning and the systems-level focus of civic education. This session highlights a programmatic model that infuses these principles successfully in schools across the nation.