Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Over the past decades while women have made inroads into many nontraditional occupations, they still represent a small portion of the engineering and science workforce. In addition, research demonstrates that women tend to leave engineering occupations at faster rates than do men. Yet, occupations in engineering and engineering related fields have grown throughout the recent decades and are expected to continue to grow throughout the upcoming decade, creating millions of new jobs to fill by 2008. Indeed the jobs that are growing the fastest are precisely the jobs in which women are not represented. The question researchers and policy makers must grapple with is how do we recruit and retain women in engineering in order to not only address equity issues, but meet labor force demands.
This paper presents qualitative data from an ongoing study of female engineers. In this paper we draw on original survey data to explore the reasons women choose to enter (and stay in) engineering occupations, and more specifically, what factors serve to encourage (and conversely, discourage) women from entering this nontraditional field. In doing so, we undertake a comprehensive investigation of women in engineering in which we focus on both their educational and workplace experiences. We provide the stories of women who have chosen to engineering careers, and we provide them in their own voices. After first presenting our findings we demonstrate how they are useful in creating strategies to address barriers at both the educational and workplace levels that prevent women from entering and staying in engineering occupations.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper presents a theory of how?and under what conditions?refugees may be used as coercive instruments (i.e., weapons) by both states and non-state actors to extract political and/or economic side-payments from potential recipient states, via a strategy of "extortive engineered migration." The paper offers evidence in support of the theory with case studies of recent US-Cuba and US-Haiti relations.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Comparative scholarly enquiry suggests that democracy is likely to be fostered by the development of broad-based, aggregative and multi-ethnic political parties, rather than fragmented, personalized or ethnically exclusive party systems. However, despite the impressive body of scholarship on constitutional engineering over the past decade, there has been surprisingly little attention given to the ways in which party system fragmentation can be addressed or how broad-based parties can be sustained. Drawing on a range of recent experiments in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Pacific, this paper identifies four strategies of 'political engineering' that have been used to promote the development of broad-based, cross-regional or multi-ethnic political parties in new democracies.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In the last twenty-five years, U.S. universities have become increasingly entangled with the marketplace. I argue that this development emerged from the adoption of a new institutional logic emphasizing the role played by the university in stimulating the economy. This logic took hold in the late 1970s as a way out of a crisis that arose when the post-World-War-II consensus around the value of the university began to dissolve. I test this argument through a content analysis of the testimony of Association of American Universities presidents to Congress from 1970 to 1980. During this period, university presidents moved from justifying their requests for funding based on reasons internal to science and the university (i.e., give us money because we need money), to reasons external to science and the university (i.e., give us money because it will help society in some way). They also began to use more justifications for funding that were explicitly based on the economic role of the university in the last years of the decade. I discuss the implications of these results for my argument and use them to refine it.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The \\\'genetic revolution\\\' is upon us, but what the Australian public thinks about it is unclear. In the USA there is broad and possibly growing acceptance, while in Europe there is less and possibly declining acceptance. This paper presents extensive data on Australians\\\' attitudes based on five large, representative national sample surveys (N = 8730) and investigates the origins of their views in hopes for agricultural and medical benefits, and in the scientific world-view. The results show that the Australian public is broadly supportive of genetic engineering although a large minority have doubts. Structural equation estimates show that support is mainly due to approval of the agricultural and medical goals and secondarily to acceptance of the scientific world-view.