Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper addresses the relationship between factionalism and change in a social movement organization by examining an intense debate over immigration policy that developed within the Sierra Club during 1997 and 1998. I argue that the debate grew especially heated because the question of population growth in the United States and its effects on the environment revealed a fundamental divergence in environmental philosophy among the club's members. The ultimate decision that the club should remain neutral on the question of immigration marked not only a significant policy shift but also was indicative of a changing ideology. I explain the development of this factionalism and resultant change through a theoretical framework that incorporates factors both internal and external to the movement organization.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper offers a systematic analysis national intra-party "factions" within the Democratic Party from 1890 to 1914. It explains how factions shaped the Democratic Party's reputation, policymaking and presidential-congressional relations.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper begins with the premise that political party organizations should be treated as open, fluid networks of actors. The "Expanded Party" (Bernstein 1999) encompasses party committees and officials, but also activists, donors, consultants, candidates, officeholders, and interest groups. It defines interest groups that have an orientation to the Democratic party as those that, when they give money, give more than half of that money to Democrats. The paper then looks for factions among these interest groups in the Expanded Democratic party. The paper defines factions to be durable coalitions of different actors that try to influence the party's internal organization, and have some rational basis for doing so. Examining the 2002 congressional primary candidates that were supported by Democratic party-oriented Political Action Committees, it finds that there is a consensus on one primary candidate in about 70% of primary races. This finding undermines the conventional wisdom that Democrats are frequently deeply divided, especially in primaries. In the races where these PACs do not support the same primary candidate, there are no discernible factions organized along recognizable issue lines. When there is any disagreement about a primary candidate, it is usually the case that Leadership PACs and labor groups split their support among multiple primary candidates. The paper concludes that more work needs to be done defining the boundaries of the Expanded Party, and defining and measuring faction.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Few communities can be described as monolithic, with Iraq as no exception. This paper illustrates that there are a variety of perspectives within Iraq that the coalition forces must acknowledge and leverage to end the occupation in a stable fashion.