Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: Since Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, popular concern over pesticide hazards has grown. Trust in government and industry assurances have been eroded by recurring disclosures of public health and environmental hazards. This paper explores the emergence of several private certification initiatives in the agrofood sector which rely on pesticides. We begin by tracing the interplay of state pesticide regulations and popular concerns over disclosures of pesticide hazards. We then compare and contrast pesticide standards in 3 illustrative private certification initiatives in the agrofood sector, asking to what degree these initiatives go beyond or diverge from the state regulatory schemes that have been the focus of public mistrust, and how vulnerable they are to future risk disclosures.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Although there have been a number of reviews of terrorism research, to date there exist no reviews of the domestic far right extremism literature. Systematically and comprehensively taking stock of the far right extremism literature is an important research endeavor as there is considerable evidence that the domestic far-right has been linked to a number of ideologically-motivated crimes and poses a significant threat to public safety. This paper is a critical review of approximately 350 scholarly studies related to far right extremism. First, we identify the major topics covered in the relevant literature such as extremists’ religious and political ideologies, gender roles within far right groups, and the rise and fall of various far right social movements over the 20th century. Second, we examine how different academic disciplines have approached the study of far right extremism and identify the academic journals that have served as publication outlets for far right extremism studies over time. Finally, we will examine what types of domestic groups, group ideologies, and crimes committed by domestic groups have been discussed in the scholarly far right extremism literature. Based on this critical review of the literature we will discuss implications for future research, outline important research questions and interdisciplinary opportunities for research, and finally, highlight the need for more innovative event-based data collection techniques and an increase in empirical and data-driven analyses of far-right extremism crimes.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Some level of police discretion is an inevitable consequence of the numerous decisions a police officer faces daily. In light of recent cases of police abuse of force and racial profiling, most scholarly inquiry has focused on whether police have exercised their discretion fairly/justly. Unexplored in the literature, however, has been consideration of how affiliation with a police association in the form of a membership card (or P.B.A. card) distributed to police officers and their family and friends may favorably influence the outcome of interactions with police. This paper addresses the extent to which the use of the PBA card has resulted in law enforcement agents ignoring criminal or traffic infractions because of the offender's association with a fellow officer. In particular, this paper will examine the history, distribution, function, and public awareness of the membership card. Specific examples of the use of these cards as well as the larger issues associated with their existence will be examined. This paper will argue that the promotion and use of these cards by police associations is one of the largest and least studied threats to a democratic state.

Publication Type: Poster
Abstract: This study consisted of surveying the 50 State Police Agencies about domestic terrorism and extremist groups generally, and the far-right’s criminal activities in particular. We focued on whether specified extremist groups are present in a state, and how active these groups are in a typical year. In addition, we examined whether these groups pose a threat to national security or the public safety of their state. We also investigated how many members and supporters of these groups are arrested and how many criminal incidents are committed by them in a typical year, whether members or supporters of these groups usually commit their crimes alone, and whether Islamic Jihadist extremists and the domestic far-right collaborate to commit criminal acts. Finally, our discussion contextualizes these results in terms of previous research and considers the implications for future policy development and research.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study examines the socialization and enculturation processes
implicated for and by women police officers of color and their white
women colleagues and their correlation with "difference." Socialization
into the police milieu is facilitated and accomplished in ways that are
unique to the subculture of policing and women are inculcated into the
police community in ways that may replicate socialization processes in
society generally.

The study explores whether women police officers are exposed to
identifiable manifestations of racism, objectification, discrimination
or sexism (or other forms of differential treatment) in the police
milieu and, if so, how might police officers who are women of color and
white women police officers report experiential differences.