Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: We introduce a hybrid approach to framing effects examining factually equivalent frames and the role of resonant facts on information seeking. An experiment manipulating health care policy options in terms of benefits versus risks finds that framing effects occur with the presentation of equivalent frames but when resonant facts are added, reflection and involvement become more important for predicting information seeking. We place these findings in the context of the idealistic and pragmatist framing debate.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: In this study we investigate the cognitive mechanism by which news frames exert their influences on individuals by providing a mental models approach. We propose a theoretical model of news framing effects with particular focus on the role of baseline interpretation that individuals construct. The model suggests that the primary effect of news frame involves a process in which news frame affects individuals� situation model (i.e., a mental representation of a specific situation described in a news article) by altering their baseline interpretation about the situation. Then, through the mediating role of this process, the model further posits that news frame would exert subsequent effects on individuals� attitudes toward the issue that the article concerns (attitudinal effect) and on the construction of situation models about other related issues (trans-framing effect). Experimental results largely support the model. First, individuals exposed to a news frame were more likely to construct a frame-consistent situation model by forming a frame-consistent baseline interpretation. Second, news frame exerted indirect effects on individuals� attitudes by altering their situation model. Finally, the results showed some evidence for the trans-framing effects.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: An impressive body of research shows that the framing of an issue can affect citizens’ attitudes. However, some frames are more influential than others. Yet, we continue to have surprisingly limited knowledge of the factors that affect the strength of a frame – that is, its capacity to influence citizens’ attitudes. This paper argues that our knowledge of the dynamics of frame strength can be advanced through a better incorporation of citizens’ emotional reactions. Applying this argument, I use intergroup emotions theory to investigate the relative strength of episodic and thematic frames, two of the most predominant types of news communication. Based on data from an experiment, I show that the relative strength of episodic and thematic frames depends crucially on the intensity of citizens’ emotional reactions. When citizens’ emotional reactions are weak, thematic frames are stronger than episodic frames, whereas the relative strength is increasingly reversed as intense emotional reactions are inflamed in the audience. Finally, when no emotional reaction is elicited, thematic frames are more influential than episodic frames. I conclude by discussing the implications of the findings.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study draws on cognitive response theories of persuasion and cognitive appraisal theories of emotion to develop a model of the psychological processes that govern the effects of media frames on public opinion about policy issues. The model posits that different frames—in conjunction with receivers’ predispositions—can elicit different patterns of cognitive and emotional responses. Furthermore, predispositions, cognitive responses, and affective responses can mediate the effects of frames on policy opinions. The model implies that citizens may counter-argue information in frames that goes against their prior beliefs and that such counter-arguing can help to explain not only the limits of framing effects but also the emergence of “boomerang” effects in response to frames. Similarly, the model implies that emotional responses to framing can limit or enhance framing effects. In short, the model suggests that citizens can play an active—though not necessarily a critical or deliberative—role in the framing process. We draw on data from a series of prior experiments to test parts of our model.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Frederick Siebert postulated in Freedom of the Press in England 1476-1776 that whenever pressure is exerted on a political system, diversity shrinks. A content analysis of The New York Times was conducted and found strong evidence supporting Siebert�s thesis.