Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Purpose: To examine the dynamics of mental health services access in jail reentry for people with mental illness. Specific focus is given to how clients of a reentry program define their own needs, and how they prioritized help seeking activities.

Method
Data was collected through participant observation, in depth interviews with clients and staff, and 115 open-ended surveys that asked clients to prioritize their service needs.

Results: 63% of the clients’ identified housing as their most important service need and 35% financial assistance, but only 7% and 4% selected mental health or drug and alcohol treatment respectively. This ordering created a hierarchy of help seeking activities wherein clients only attempted to access treatment services after they had found sustainable forms of economic support. This hierarchy led to gaps in treatment because in the best of circumstances it took an average of 2 to 4 weeks to obtain the public assistance benefits that client’s needed to secure food and shelter.

Implications
These findings suggest that reentry programs for people with mental illness need to expand their intervention focus significantly beyond treatment services to include services that are capable of addressing the broad range of needs that confront their clients as they reenter the community.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: International relations is ordered not only within types of interactions but across such types as well. This latter type of order has not, for the most part, been studied extensively; and there are numerous reasons why it is difficult to study. In this paper, I move in the direction of such a study by laying out a Simmelian sociological category about groups and interactions. I then use this vocabulary to define and theorize about deference, as a particular kind of across-type coordination. The theory is modeled using agent-based simulation methodology; and the results, though preliminary, suggest that deference to both hegemons and to peer pressure is stable, affected more by the "meta-interaction" between the two than by any long-term structural factors at work. This implies that US hegemony is likely to weaken only to the extent that other types of group interactions become more prevalent.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Ayano Ginoza’s paper “The American Village as a Space of Militarism and Tourism: U.S. Militarism, Gender Hierarchy, Class, and Race in Okinawa,” examines how the U.S. and Japanese governments’ decision to maintain U.S. bases reinforces gender hierarchy, class distinctions, and racism in Okinawa. Ginoza uses a transnational feminist approach to study the American Village, an entertainment area built next to a U.S. military base. The American Village models the Sea Port Park in San Diego, and it entertains a younger generation of Okinawans and tourists from mainland Japan, as well as American military personnel. Ginoza argues that the American Village represents a problematic space where military and tourist economies collide; tourist promotion lures young Japanese to the exotic and the subtropical area, where they have the opportunity to meet American G.I.s. Unfortunately, rapes, sexual assaults, and other violence against women have occurred there. Moreover, gender, class, and race distinctions have become reinforced as military personnel and Japanese youth interact in the American Village. Ginoza’s study demonstrates how the U.S. and Japanese governments’ interests in maintaining the U.S. military presence, as well as the economic demand for an entertainment area from the Japanese tourists and American personnel, sustain the American Village despite the problems.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Gould (2002) presented a pathbreaking theory of the formation of hierarchies or inequalities in received attachments in small-to-medium networks. Due to limitations of that model, we present a new theory, based on an actor model in which an individual sets attachment strengths based on perceived partner quality, reciprocity, influence from others, and homophily. A computer algorithm finds the single robust equilibrium level of attachment strengths. This allows us to generate propositions concerning hierarchy, including five basic propositions concerning relationships at the individual, dyadic, triadic, and network level, and additional propositions concerning effects of variation in parameters. We test the five basic propositions on network data for four attachment types over four waves for five organizations. Results generally support the propositions. Where they do not, moreover, the deviation fits a predicted effect of certain extreme parameter values—that is, it suggests that in one or two of the organizations reciprocity may have low importance.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The large-scale networks of suppliers and prime buyers in industrial districts have rarely if ever been studied as social networks, due to analytical complexity and rarity of such datasets. With a large relational dataset on buyer/supplier relationships among over 8,300 firms in a Tokyo industrial district, we analyzed the complex regional production system quantitatively so as to find its integration mechanisms. Tests of the small-world model―of local clustering, low average distance, lack of central hubs, and sparsity of connectivity―failed due to tendencies toward a power-law degree distribution, shorter-than-random average distances, and lack of local clustering. The scale-free network model was rejected because hubs in the network do not attract ties by supplier firms but actively organize their suppliers. We then explored an alternative explanation: Does the supplier-buyer network have layers as represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) or depth hierarchy where each link in a chain of suppliers and buyers is always directed up the hierarchy, never forming a directed transaction cycle? Controlling some data constraints, we found that acyclic depth partition can explain the structural properties of the network. Finally, we offer statistical evidence that the DAG should be a general property for the complex webs of supplier-prime buyer relationships in industrial production networks, as modeled by Harrison White, in lieu of small-world or scale-free network models.