Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Hong Kong cinema is extremely exceptional in the world. Despite the lack of government protection and support, it was rarely dominated by Hollywood features. The question of my paper is, “How did the early year (pre-1990s) of Hong Kong and Hong Kong cinema enable Hong Kong cinema to flourish in the 1990s?” It is a study of the history of Hong Kong and its cinema. I will examine the political, economic and social formation of Hong Kong which has facilitated Hong Kong cinema to be competitive in the world market. Hong Kong cinema, strangely, in its regional and global context, benefited from the world's asymmetrical power structure. It was enabled by Hong Kong’s political detachment, economic autonomy and social network. However, the same factors also made it vulnerable to volatile international changes and impeded its growth.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The paper examines the surge of Chinese nationalist movements in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia in the decades prior to and during the China-Japan War of 1931 to 1945. It extends and sharpens Benedict Anderson’s concepts of “imagined communities” and “long-distance nationalism.” Anderson argues that diaporas of the same ethnic root would identify with each other. Using a wide range of archival and documentary sources (including British colonial archives, Japanese intelligence reports, Chinese newspapers, commercial directories, and newsletters of business and native-place associations), my research however shows the tenacious growth of Chinese sub-ethnic cleavages in diasporic nationalist movements. I argue that diasporic Chinese bourgeois initiatives to organize nationalist movements invariably drew on sub-ethnic ties to mobilize support. Although these movements solicited support from the bourgeoisie through their transnational business networks, the movements were by and large operated by each major sub-ethnic group. In short, Chinese diasporic nationalism lacked the capacity to unite all sub-ethnic groups. Instead it provided the terrain for competition among sub-ethnic business networks and the political parties they supported.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: A random-sample telephone survey examined the market relation between online and print newspapers in Hong Kong, where more than a dozen newspapers and their online editions compete for readerships. This study compared the penetration rates of these newspapers’ print and online editions. Results showed the print editions enjoyed significantly higher penetrations than their online counterparts. The study also identified the overlap of the same newspaper’s online and print readerships. Print penetrations were not reduced among Web users. Readers of a newspaper’s online edition were more likely to read the same newspaper’s print edition and vice versa. These results have demonstrated striking similarities with what the earlier U.S.-based study has found -- suggesting the existence of a universal pattern characterizing the market relation between online and print newspapers.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The study of Chinese organizational communication has overwhelmingly focused on harmony and cooperation with classical Confucian beliefs and collectivistic values posited as the sources of these assumed cultural traits. Unfortunately, there is a relative dearth of research on any conflict and competition that might occur and the underlying assumption is that conflict, competition, and self-serving behaviors are minimal. This research is an attempt to look at “everyday practices” in the Hong Kong organizational world to examine these assumptions within the context of real organizations. Forty-two Hong Kong residents were interviewed about their interpersonal relationships in the workplace. The accounts my informants provided diverged greatly from the classical Confucian collectivist assumptions. While some harmony and cooperative behaviors were reported, the overwhelming number of informants spoke of conflict and competition as common workplace behaviors. In addition, when behavioral explanations for harmony and conflict avoidance were proffered, rather than indicating they engaged in these behaviors because of any particular value placed on harmony or for the “good of the group,” informants indicated that conflict avoidance and harmony were practiced for instrumental reasons.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Hong Kong, a quasi-democratic society, provides a unique context for the study of political participation. A random-sample telephone survey empirically examined the relationship between Hong Kong residents’ sense of political efficacy and their propensity to participate in a protest march against the possible enactment of a bill which deals with acts of treason, secession, sedition, and theft of state secretes. This law-making process actually brought to an unprecedented political crisis in Hong Kong history. Results show that people with high degree of internal efficacy and low degree of external efficacy are particularly likely to engage in a protest march, suggesting the existence of a universal pattern identified in political participation research.