Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: To generalize to a population of individuals, surveys that first sample households must then sample individuals within households. For telephone and in-person surveys, Kish (1949) solved the problem with randomization tables, an approach now automated through CATI/CAPI software. By mail, however, enumerating and randomly selecting household members is impracticable. An alternative is to ask that the questionnaire be completed by (or about) whoever most recently had a birthday. Literature indicates that this approach, while imperfect, appears acceptably pseudo-random for selecting an interview respondent from adult household members. Its suitability for selecting a random interview target from household members of any age has not been examined. Yet in policy areas such as health insurance, generalizations are sought for the population of all persons, not just adults. In one Western state, a Federal “State Planning Grant” to study insurance coverage involved a mixed-mode survey (telephone/mail). The mail portion (n=4315) of necessity used the birthday approach to identify target individuals about whom the insurance questions were asked. To test whether that might bias the combined results, in the telephone portion (n=1196) 400 of the multi-person households were randomly designated to use the birthday approach; in another 400, CATI software selected a truly random target. Results showed that the birthday approach significantly over-represented children, especially females, perhaps because a child’s birthday celebration is typically more memorable than an adult’s. Since children are insured in higher proportion than adults, particularly compared to young adults, the birthday approach overstates the statewide rates of insurance coverage and of public coverage. If confirmed in further research, these biases should be considered in drawing policy conclusions from mail or mixed-mode surveys that rely on last birthday for selecting a target from the full range of ages.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: It has been five years since the government separated prescription and dispensation of drugs on July 1, 2000. Has the System made a success or failed? It is not important now whether the period of 5 years is enough to make any conclusion. Evaluation on the System is inconsistent among Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs, academic worlds, and civil groups. In fact, it is the natural result. The System has an aspect of "culture" with which not only the people but also the concerned authorities are related, in that it changes the existing behaviors related with prescription of drugs, and in order for the System to have reasonable results and influences to the full, we will have to wait some more time. If a system, a policy and its operation have an aspect of culture, it is no doubt that understanding and participation of the concerned authorities is important for success of the system and policy. However, unfortunately, the situation is not so good and in this respect, it can be said that separation of prescription and dispensation of drugs is in progress. It is necessary and natural to evaluate the System by period, but the general and objective evaluation on the System can be possibly made after all the transient problems are solved. Therefore, evaluation in this paper is temporary, but it is inevitable too which is necessary to cope with the problems in question.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This case study utilizes qualitative interviews conducted with Moldovan print and broadcast journalists during 1992 and 2005 to show how variables involved in Ekaterina Ognianova’s “transitional press concept” apply in a country such as Moldova, one of the poorest and most turbulent of the former Soviet republics. At the heart of Ognianova’s model is the idea that transitional countries are those that are moving from one type of economy to another. In this environment, newspapers, magazines, radio stations, and TV stations tend to align themselves with one of a wide variety of antagonistic normative “press philosophies.” Interviews revealed that Moldovan journalists represent a mix of press philosophies consistent with Ognianova’s transitional model. Furthermore, the coexistence of such varied press philosophies can be found in both the 1992 and 2005 interviews, suggesting that Moldovan journalism’s transitional status has remained the same for more than a decade. Findings expand the scope of the transitional model both economically and geographically.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This Paper will examine the likely prognosis for future arms control instruments in the light of an ongoing War on Terror project. Specifically, it will study and comment on the possible implications for NGO-level monitoring and reporting of arms control initiatives in a putative neo-realist age. Using the International Campaign to Ban Landmines as a moral yardstick, the paper will go on to discuss the ethical dilemmas that may confront world leaders as the new order unfolds. Finally, it will offer recommendations to ensure the continued viability of a healthy civil society as the 21st Century progresses.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper is an analysis of the Cherokee Nation’s right to a Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. It begins in Part I with an in depth exploration of the history behind the delegate promise and the controversies regarding the New Echota Treaty. The Cherokee Delegate's place within Congress is then considered, with a particular focus on the current non-voting delegates and their role. In Part II, this paper considers the complications arising from an insistance upon such a delegate. These complications range from the practical (how would the delegate go about getting recognized as such) to the constitutional (what are the legal problems inherent in such a delegate and the possibility that the Cherokee people would have a right to vote both for their 'normal' and for the Cherokee Nation's delegate). Ultimately, such a delegate would be a representative and therefore the challenge involves figuring out the duties of such a representative to the Cherokee Nation, the Cherokee people, and to all Native Americans. The paper concludes by considering the nature of representation and the possible ways the promise could be modified in a way which would still satisfy the treaty's promise.