Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The developmental state Park Chung Hee built exhibited a strong predatory quality, but it was different from Africa's and Latin America's more classic predatory propensity. The Korean state, too, generated rents for its business allies and clients, but unlike Africa's and Latin America's more classic predatory states, it explicitly tied rents to its business client's undertaking a risky Five Year Economic Development Plan (FYEDP) investment project and pioneering export markets. This game of exchanging political support for business performance acquired complexity and subtlety when Park resumed Heavy Chemical Industrialization (HCI) as his top priority after 1973, but it was already in place even in 1961 when Park placed chaebol owners under house arrest to negotiate their terms of participation in his First FYEDP projects.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: “And therefore it belonged to the Commonwealth (that is, to the sovereign only),” Hobbes wrote, “to approve or disapprove both of the places and matter of foreign traffic.” State responses to international migration and ancillary flows are reshaping the politics of
belonging and exclusion in ways that only interdisciplinary collaboration can begin to map. This paper argues that new virtual technologies that states are adopting to control “foreign traffic” on the margins are rapidly being deployed for maintaining order in the
mainstream. Overlapping flows of international migration, human trafficking, sophisticated drug and weapons cartels, and mobile terrorist cells – to name just a few – have converged to raise the importance of the migration-security nexus, prompting huge
public investments in new technologies that link the state to the flesh of its subjects. Body metaphors have long been used to “embody” the state in visceral language. Liberal states, in response to new security challenges, have now begun adopting new information technologies, such as biometrics, that codify and archive bodily and behavioral features of individuals. This return to the body – albeit in digital form – as a site of state control shifts into reverse the logic of Hobbes’s “Artificial Man” as a metaphorical body of words and images. What we are witnessing instead is the transubstantiation of the word, the body metaphor, back into the flesh. The emerging Virtual Leviathan reduces immigrants and citizens alike to “datamigrants” – flows of code – thus ushering in a new
stage in the evolution and intensification of cybernetic state control and new grounds for the politics of belonging and exclusion.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: ABSTRACT: The States of Nature in Hobbes’ Leviathan

Thomas Hobbes famously argues that the natural state of human beings is a fundamentally asocial condition of war of every person against every other person, in which life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”, emergence from which can only happen through discovering and following the laws of nature, instituting a social contract, and establishing a sovereign authority possessing monopolies of legitimacy and the means of violence.

My paper argues that close attention to Hobbes’ text reveals that this is only one of five “states of nature” distinguishable in Leviathan: 1) a rhetorical construct state of nature as war of all against all, lacking any of the institutions of civilization and civil society ; 2) historically existent “state(s) of nature”in pre-political societies, where family, patron-client, clan, or tribal structures are in conflict with each other; 3) historically existent “state(s) of nature” within established civil societies where, despite the establishment and enforcement of laws, citizens still remain in a mistrustful condition vis-a-vis each other, i.e. concerned about possible crime; 4) historically existent and possible “state(s)” of nature that culminate in civil war with the breakdown of civil society through factionalization; 5) the historically existent “state of nature” governing foreign relations, i.e. the condition of states in relation to each other.

My paper further argues that the prime concern of Hobbes’ political philosophy in Leviathan is in understanding and preventing the fourth “state of nature” from occurring. The other distinguishable states of nature are not unimportant, and can feed into the fourth, and I indicate several ways in which this can take place.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Rather than question whether or not globalization is eroding sovereignty or not this paper asks whether sovereignty as it is commonly understood is a valuable concept for understanding international order today and in the past.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed