Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: As a widely used guiding theory for health campaign design, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been criticized for focusing on cognitive variables only and failing to elicit emotional responses. The present study examined whether the addition of past and anticipated guilt would predict individuals’ exercise intentions and behavior under the theoretical framework of the TPB and whether individuals’ past behavior would moderate the effects of the two dimensions of guilt. Based on a two-wave longitudinal survey of 517 college students’ physical activity intentions and behavior, results showed that anticipated guilt, but not past guilt, significantly predicted physical activity intentions, over and above the influence of the TPB variables. It was further observed that anticipated guilt was a stronger predictor of intentions for participants who did not regularly participate in physical activity in the past than for those who did. Both theoretical contributions to the TPB and practical implications for health inventions are discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: Objectives: With growing numbers of students and a frequent shortage of full-time faculty, pharmacy schools often rely on volunteer preceptors/adjunct clinical faculty for training students during their advanced experiential rotations, particularly those dispensing and elective rotations. However, core medicine/ambulatory clinical rotations may also not be routinely conducted by full-time faculty, thus raising concern about the quality of the rotation experience and continuity among the practice sites scattered across the state. The purpose of this project is to (1) determine if our core medicine/ambulatory rotations are adequately preparing students for pharmacy practice, and (2) evaluate if this clinical experience is consistent among the various preceptors.
Methods: A survey was mailed in early February to all alumni who have graduated from our pharmacy program within the past three years, which are approximately 250 pharmacists. The survey initially asks general questions about the required core medicine/ambulatory rotational experiences as a whole, followed by specific questions about each medicine rotation and its preceptor. Feedback from recent graduates was chosen over current student evaluations because perspectives differ as practicing pharmacists versus students. Additionally, we want to learn areas of improvement to better meet the educational needs of future pharmacy students. The university institutional review board approved the survey.
Results: Research in progress.
Implications: The results of this survey will provide insight into recent graduates’ attitudes and perceptions of the core medicine/ambulatory rotations. If negative trends about certain rotations or preceptors are observed, then suggestions for improvement will be offered.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: I address the issue of balancing options among East Asian states: the main puzzle is why East Asian states pursued internal balancing (military build-up) rather than external balancing (security cooperation) in the 1970s. I argue that historical antagonism made South Korea and Japan pursue internal balancing, not external balancing, when they sought additional security. Regarding this puzzle, three specific questions will be raised with respect to theoretical, empirical, and policy implications.
Theoretically, I will explore what kinds of policy options - internal balancing or external balancing - states have and under what conditions they pursue this choice on the basis of an arms versus allies argument. Current IR theories such as offense-defense theory or balance of threat theory fail to address the absence of security cooperation in East Asia where there is neither a multilateral alliance nor a bilateral alliance between South Korea and Japan. Even if South Korea and Japan believed that the offensive was always dominant after World War II and they had strong threat perception from the communist states, they did not pursue security cooperation with each other. However, the theories do not explain why they preferred arms to allies. I argue that East Asian security relations can be explained by looking into their domestic politics and the security dilemma, which reflect historical antagonism. I also argue that such antagonism from the colonial experience raises not only the domestic political cost of external balancing to a formidably high level, but also a strong concern for relative gain and even a vicious security dilemma.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has struggled with redefining its role in a world no longer defined by bipolar conflict. Indeed, the foreign policy of most states has undergone a significant reevaluation in the transitional era of the 1990s. One issue which has repeatedly cropped up on agendas is the question of internal nationalist conflicts. While the end of the Cold War did not create this phenomenon (Ayres, 2000a), several such cases ? Israel and the Palestinians, India and Kashmir, Northern Ireland, and the Balkans ? have created serious foreign policy problems to which the great states of the world have had to react. The initiation of a "war on terrorism" focused on the ethnically-divided Afghanistan has only emphasized the importance of these concerns.