Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The paper offers a theoretical understanding of Israeli Settlement activity in the Occupied Territories in light of the centrality of the issue in the current conflict as well as any effort to achieve peace. By using a path dependent lens, the paper analyzes how the settlement project was launched, nurtured, and promoted by various Israeli governments since the late 1960's. The paper explores the expansion of the settlements despite the international and domestic costs incurred by various Israeli governments. The paper is based in part on original research, and concludes that three path dependent processes lay at the heart of the exponential increase in the number of settlements - from a handful in 1968 to over 220,000 in 2002. In all three processes, the analysis points to institutional and cultural factors (that assumed new modes over time) as a significant cause in settlement expansion. While the paper accepts the traditional ideological and strategic explanations for settlement activity, it offers a more intricate view by exploring path dependent and institutional mechanisms for the increase in the number of settlements. Dismantling Israeli settlements is going to be a key issue in any future peace negotiations, and might serve as a model in other conflicts. It I therefore important that we develop a clear conceptual understanding of how they came to be in the first place. In the last part, the paper highlights the theoretical implications of the settlements' case for path dependency. More specifically, the paper explores the various roles that path dependency plays in inhibiting opposition to certain policies.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: As the workforce of the United States is aging, some employees are able to modify full-time work status in order to “phase down” their career employment as they approach full retirement, and phased retirement may become increasingly common and important as the workforce continues to age. Our paper explores whether the ability to phase down one’s employment is associated with unequal endowments of human and financial capital. Using a unique definition of phased retirement based on data from a large, longitudinal dataset over a 10-year time period, this paper uses multinomial logistic regression and growth curve analyses to test the association between phased retirement and a variety of human and financial capital characteristics. We find that there are significant personal, household, and occupational differences between phased retirees and those who do not engage in phased retirement. Phased retirees appear to be better educated, have more resources, and occupy superior occupational positions. These results no doubt reflect that ad hoc nature of phased retirement, in which advantaged employees are able to discern and utilize opportunities as they arise.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study explores a fundamental question about political learning: Does formal education engender compliance or differentiation, and perhaps defiance, in identity formation? Results from a three-year panel study of adolescents and parents support a model in which schools prompt discussion in families and peer groups. Interpersonal influence in the two spheres share common steps but can be viewed as parallel staircases to divergent orientations, with families encouraging voting and peer groups fostering confrontational activism.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Much recent analysis of the political economy of development in East Asia focuses on questions of market liberalization and the adequacy of the international institutions involved in the late 1990s economic crisis. Was the East Asia crisis a consequence of authoritarian developmental strategies or market liberalization? Had democratic reform or political liberalization put East Asia at risk? Focusing on political institutions, the paper urges an emphasis on liberal constitutionalism as a long-term strategy. Authoritarian regimes with markets and currencies protected fared reasonably well. Democracies with liberal institutions were resilient. The combination of authoritarian developmentalism and market liberalization fared worse. But authoritarian developmentalism is not sustainable. This suggest that East Asian NICs that want to sustain development over the long term should work on establishing a democratic constitutional base. Constitutionalism, if properly conceived, may provide the institutions of reliability and accountability upon which sustained development depends.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This research seeks a better understanding of the interplay of different forms of regulation with motivations to address potential harms. A distinction is drawn between hard and soft regulatory paths as two ends of a continuum of regulatory approaches. The hard regulatory path consists of mandatory rules and enforcement to compel adherence to the requirements. The soft regulatory path consists of guidelines with various forms of encouragement to adhere to them as a means of achieving desired outcomes. Of interest in this research is how motivations for addressing harms relate to these regulatory paths. Hypotheses about the two paths and how they relate to motivations to address harms are examined for facilities that are subject to the two types of regulation.